Background: Breast cancer treatment success depends upon prolonging survival with effective treatment, and constant monitoring of recurrence. Survival rate can well be improved by better understanding of prognostic factors, preventive measures, and effective treatments together with follow-up and post-treatment care.
Introduction: The recurrence of breast cancer after treatment is a loco-regional or distant metastasis recurrent. Although patients with metastasis are known as incurable, existing treatments might prolong patients› life while improving its quality. This is possible through identifying effective survival factors. This study evaluates the factors influencing survival after recurrence in recurrent breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods:This study was performed on 442 recurrent breast cancer patients who had been referred to the Cancer Research Center of the Shahid Beheshti University between 1985 to 2015. After confirming the recurrence as a distant metastasis or loco-regional recurrence, the effects of demographic, clinic-pathologic, biological, type of surgery and type of adjuvant treatments on the survival of patients were evaluated through statistical analysis. Results: The mean survival after recurrence was 18 months (5 days to 13 years), 219 patients (70.42%) survived two years, 75 patients (24.12%) survived from 2 to 5 years, and 17 patients (5.47%) survived more than 5 years. In this study, it was found through a univariate analysis that the factors of age, lymph node status, DFI, place of recurrence and nodal ratio are the most effective on survival after recurrence. Yet, in multivariate analysis, the most important factors influencing survival after recurrence included the place of recurrence and the lymph node status.
Conclusions:The results of this study can enhance our knowledge in better understanding the effects of different factors on survival of patients after breast cancer recurrence, thus, it might be effective in treatment of patients before and after recurrence.
Objectives: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has influenced all age groups; however, the risk of mortality increases with age. Several factors impact the development of this disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between some risk factors in the development of COVID-19 among community dwellers of ≥50 years of age.This cross-sectional study was performed at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences from April 1, 2019, to June 20, 2020. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged ≥50 years, including middle-aged and aging suspected of COVID-19 referring to registration centers in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences from Feb. 20th to Jun. 20th, 2020. The basis for diagnosing COVID-19 in suspected cases was a positive Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test based on a nasopharyngeal swab or Computed Tomography (CT) scan. The data used included demographic information, a history of smoking, and comorbidities. Data analysis was performed in SPSS by descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Independent Samples t-test, and logistic regression model. Results: In the first 4 months of the COVID-19 outbreak, 3945 suspicious cases were referred to Shahroud healthcare centers. After removing the missing cases, of the 3119 registered cases, 1348 participants were aged ≥50 years. Of all eligible participants, 602 cases were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 303 were males. The obtained data suggested that the Mean±SD age of the study subjects was 66.62±11.33 years. Diabetes (P=0.014) and other comorbidities, such as asthma, acute respiratory, hepatic and kidney diseases, and cancer in borderline significantly increased the incidence of COVID-19 by 38% and 32%, respectively. An increase of one unit in Body Mass Index (BMI) (P=0.002) enhanced the odds of infection by 4%. Conclusion: Based on the multivariate logistic regression results, high BMI and diabetes were significant risk factors in the development of COVID-19 among aged subjects. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of BMI and diabetes in the assessment of patients in middle-aged and aging groups.
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