The use of synthetic pesticides for agricultural production in developing countries like Bangladesh is unavoidable. Therefore, there is also a concern for the residual effects in public health. The present study aimed to assess the health hazards associated with the residual effect of pesticides in two common vegetables (cauliflower and tomato) collected from five different markets of a northern city of Bangladesh. A total 80 samples (i.e. 40 of each vegetable) were collected for the analysis of seven major organophosphorus insecticides namely acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, malathion and quinalphos used in that region. Modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction technique and GC-FTD (Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector) used for the analysis of the samples. Results indicate that 11 (6 cauliflower, 5 tomato) analyzed samples contained residues which are about 14% of the total number of samples. Most of the samples contaminated diazinon at a level above EU-MRLs. However, health risk assessment based on ADI, the contaminated samples were safe. Continuous monitoring together with a sample traceability system is suggested to protect consumers’ health from the cumulative effects of other contaminated dietary products.
Residue levels of seven organophosphorus pesticides in two vegetables (eggplant and cauliflower) collected from major markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh were analysed. The collected samples were analysed using a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique by Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (GC-FTD). Among the 50 analysed samples of the eggplant 12% samples contained residues of chlorpyrifos (0.384~0.980 mg/kg), 6% samples contained residue of dimethoate (0.052~0.132 mg/kg) and 2% samples contained residue of diazinon (0.01 mg/kg). Whereas, among the 50 samples of cauliflower, 12% samples contained residues of chlorpyrifos (0.056~0.540 mg/kg), 8% samples contained residues of diazinon (0.033~0.42 mg/kg) and 2% samples contained residues of quinalphos (0.06 mg/kg). The chlorpyrifos was found as the most frequently detected organophosphorus pesticide. Among the 21 contaminated samples, 20 were above EU-MRL. Short and long-term health risk assessment based on ARfD and ADI indicates that the intake risks of eggplant and cauliflower were in the acceptable range. Nevertheless, establishing strong monitoring and traceability system together with controlling pre-harvest interval needed to ensure food safety, consumer confidence and promote vegetable export from Bangladesh.
The phytotoxic effects of Justicia adhatoda L. were investigated on cauliflower, broccoli, tomato, foxtail millet and barnyard grass. The experiments were carried out under laboratory and in pot experiments. Six different aqueous methanol extract concentrations (control, 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 g DW equivalent mL-1 extract) were tested in the laboratory and six aqueous extract concentrations (control, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g DW mL-1 extract equivalent) were evaluated in the pot experiment. Results showed a reduction in germination and growth (shoot length, root length and biomass weight) at higher extract concentration compared to control. The leaf extracts from J. adhatoda showed that the foxtail millet and barnyard grass are germinating below 50 % both in the laboratory condition and in the pot experiment at their maximum concentration. When maximum extracts have been applied, we have found less than 0.5 cm of shoot and root of foxtail millet and barnyard grass. Maximum dry weight reduction was observed in foxtail millet and barnyard grass at the same concentration. The findings show that J. adhatoda may have phytotoxic potential and thus contains phytotoxins. Therefore, J. adhatoda can be used in sustainable crop production as a mulch or soil additive to suppress weeds.
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