Height from soil at the base of plant to the first pod (HFP) is an important trait for mechanical harvesting of legume crops. To minimise the loss of pods, the HFP must be higher than that of the blades of most combine harvesters. Here, we review the genetic control, morphology, and variability of HFP in legumes and attempt to unravel the diverse terminology for this trait in the literature. HFP is directly related to node number and internode length but through different mechanisms. The phenotypic diversity and heritability of HFP and their correlations with plant height are very high among studied legumes. Only a few publications describe a QTL analysis where candidate genes for HFP with confirmed gene expression have been mapped. They include major QTLs with eight candidate genes for HFP, which are involved in auxin transport and signal transduction in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as well as MADS box gene SOC1 in Medicago trancatula, and BEBT or WD40 genes located nearby in the mapped QTL in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). There is no information available about simple and efficient markers associated with HFP, which can be used for marker-assisted selection for this trait in practical breeding, which is still required in the nearest future. To our best knowledge, this is the first review to focus on this significant challenge in legume-based cropping systems. KEYWORDS auxin transport and signal transduction genes, BEBT or WD40 genes, candidate genes, gene expression, height to the first pod, MADS box gene SOC1, QTL analysis Frontiers in Plant Science 01 frontiersin.org Kuzbakova et al. 10.3389/fpls.2022.948099 In contrast, as shown in the bottom part of Table 1, many reports in the literature use the same or similar terms for 'pods, ' where FPH (first pod height) is clearly the most commonly used, while the terms for 'bottom, ' 'lowest, ' and 'basal' pods are synonymous. Interestingly, terms referring to 'pod insertion' were used by almost all researchers from Brazil (with one Frontiers in Plant Science 03 frontiersin.org
The proposed method is a modified and improved version of the existing “Allele-specific q-PCR” (ASQ) method for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This method is similar to frequently used techniques like Amplifluor and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP), as well as others employing common universal probes (UPs) for SNP analyses. In the proposed ASQ method, the fluorophores and quencher are located in separate complementary oligonucleotides. The ASQ method is based on the simultaneous presence in PCR of the following two components: an allele-specific mixture (allele-specific and common primers) and a template-independent detector mixture that contains two or more (up to four) universal probes (UP-1 to 4) and a single universal quencher oligonucleotide (Uni-Q). The SNP site is positioned preferably at a penultimate base in each allele-specific primer, which increases the reaction specificity and allele discrimination. The proposed ASQ method is advanced in providing a very clear and effective measurement of the fluorescence emitted, with very low signal background-noise, and simple procedures convenient for customized modifications and adjustments. Importantly, this ASQ method is estimated as two- to ten-fold cheaper than Amplifluor and KASP, and much cheaper than all those methods that rely on dual-labeled probes without universal components, like TaqMan and Molecular Beacons. Results for SNP genotyping in the barley genes HvSAP16 and HvSAP8, in which stress-associated proteins are controlled, are presented as proven and validated examples. This method is suitable for bi-allelic uniplex reactions but it can potentially be used for 3- or 4-allelic variants or different SNPs in a multiplex format in a range of applications including medical, forensic, or others involving SNP genotyping.
Анализ метеорологических показателей региона свидетельствуют о частых проявлениях засухи. В связи с чем возникает необходимость с возделыванием засухоустойчивых культур, одной из которых является нут. В настоящее время нут относится к ценной экспортной культуре. На рынке семенного материала особым спросом пользуются крупносемянные сорта нута. Востребованность в семенах нута вызывает необходимость в новых адаптированных к стрессовым факторам среды, с высоким прикреплением нижнего боба, высокоурожайных сортах. Для этого в селекционном процессе необходимо использовать исходный материал различного эколого-географического происхождения. В настоящее время, в государственном реестре Республики Казахстан находятся 12 сортов нута, районированных в различных регионах страны. Всего лишь 3 сорта районированы в Акмолинской области. Перед селекционерами стоит задача в разработке и создании новых конкурентоспособных сортов, введение которых в производство позволит снизить дефицит высокобелковых кормов. Цель настоящего исследования состояла в изучении коллекционных сортобразцов для отбора наиболее ценных генотипов для создания сортов, адаптированных к условиям Северного Казахстана. Основным методом при создании исходного материала является внутривидовая гибридизация. Родительские пары подбирают из генотипов разного эколого-географического происхождения, с высокими показателями хозяйственно ценных признаков. В данной работе приведены результаты изучения коллекции нута с помощью фенотипического и молекулярного скрининга. Выделены источники с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков.
Germplasm collection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) originated from various countriies andecology was evaluated in field trial conditions of Akmola region. The analysis of yield components among germplasm accessionswas carried out according to local standard indicators of productivity. The following genotypes are recommended for yield breeding in Kazakhstan based on the current research: ICC-8515 (Greece); ICC-12947, ICC-1431, ICC-456, ICC-1205, and ICC-5337 (India); ICC-3776, ICC-1083, ICC-13283, ICC-13764, and ICC-13187 (Iran); ICC-15697 (Syria); and ICC-7272 (Algeria). The recommended germplasm accessions were identified asthe most adapted for cultivation in environment of Akmola region and, therefore, they can be used as ainitial genetic resourse for breeding of chickpea varieties with ‘Northern-ecotype’. Hybrid populations were produced in the crossings between International and domestic chickpea germplasms. The offspring segregations in chickpea hybrid populations represent perspective and important genetic resorses for selection of superious genotypes with high yield and tolerance to drought. Finally, the best selected breeding lines are expected to be introduced into domestic chickpea breeding programs in Kazakhstan.
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