Логвинова М.О., аспірант кафедри соціально-економічної географії і регіонознавства Харківський національний університет імені В.Н. Каразіна ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ЧИННИКИ РОЗМІЩЕННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ ЗІ СХОДУ УКРАЇНИ Метою даної статті є аналіз чинників, які впливають на територіальну концентрацію внутрішньо переміщених осіб (ВПО) в Україні. На основі міграційних теорій "Pull and Push" та теорії «м'яких та жорстких» факторів визначено чинники можливого розміщення внутрішньо переміщених осіб в Україні. Розглянуто регіональні особливості розміщення ВПО. Автором виділено чотири групи чинників, які впливають на розміщення внутрішньо переміщених осіб: природно-географічні, політичні, економічні, соціально-демографічні. Ключові слова: внутрішньо переміщені особи (ВПО), переселенці, чинники розміщення, розселення, Україна. Lohvynova M.O. TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE FACTORS OF ACCOMMODATION OF INTERNAL DISPLACED PERSONS FROM THE EAST OF UKRAINE The relevance of the study is fueled by the need to identify the factors contributing to the resettlement of IDPs in Ukraine, which will make it possible to identify their structural features, immediate needs and to introduce directions of regional policy aimed at solving the acute problems of IDPs. The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors that influence the territorial concentration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine. The territorial characteristics of the placement of IDPs, most of which reside in regions geographically close to the Separate districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk region, are considered. A significant proportion of immigrants live in the territory of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kiev regions and in the city of Kiev. Uneven placement of IDPs in Ukraine leads to excessive social and administrative burden on host communities, local labor markets, social infrastructure of resettlement regions, complicates the implementation of employment policies. The author has identified four groups of factors that influence the placement of IDPs: naturalgeographical, political, economic, socio-demographic. Migrants choose for their residence economically developed areas, which have a significant proximity to the territories of their previous residence, while other areas are almost ignored. Therefore, among the most important possible factors for the placement of internally displaced persons, the following were considered: territorial, proximity to certain districts of Donetsk and Lugansk regions, employment opportunities, resettlement experience of predecessors, urbanization level of the receiving region, access to education, health care, family ties, ethno-national and religious views of the local population, electoral views, values of the population, the possibility of social protection, the attitude of the local population towards the immigrants and the like. The group of economic factors includes employment opportunities, the availability of jobs and favorable working conditions, takes into account the industrial specialization of the reg...
Eastern Ukraine is a region where for the first time during the time of independent Ukraine in 2014 forced internal migration of the population arose, as well as a region that accepted almost 2/3 of all internally displaced persons (IDPs). The uneven concentration of IDPs in the Eastern region of Ukraine creates an excessive burden on the labor market, infrastructure, and local authorities. The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the spatio-temporal features of forced internal displacement in the East of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. The study is based on statistics from the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, Donetsk, Luhansk and Kharkiv regional state administrations. The following research methods were used in the work: mathematical-statistical, analysis and synthesis method, generalization, description, systematization, retrospective, graphic, cartographic and cartographic modeling. The study of the dynamic aspects of IDPs in the region revealed a gradual decrease in the dynamics of the number of IDPs, which may be due to the successful integration of forced migrants into host communities, the reluctance to confirm the status of IDPs through bureaucratic procedures and periodic inspections, or with repeated displacement. Analysis of the spatial characteristics of IDPs by city, city councils and districts of the Eastern region of Ukraine allowed us to distinguish three categories of IDPs depending on their location in the region. Among them: the overwhelming majority – IDPs of retirement age, who are guided by the factor of territorial proximity, are registered in the areas closest to the demarcation line, although most of them actually live in territory beyond the control of Ukraine, and carry out periodic trips through the demarcation line; IDPs of working age, which are mainly located in cities for the purpose of employment and access to quality services; the most vulnerable and socially unprotected categories living in places of compact accommodation of IDPs, but their minority. The age structure of IDPs is considered, the predominant age group of all regions of Eastern Ukraine are pensioners. The regions with the highest share of pensioners and a large demographic burden of pensioners and IDP children on the local population are identified. In particular, in some areas of the Luhansk region, the number of IDP pensioners is almost double that of the local population of all age groups. This situation requires special attention, since an excessive concentration of IDP pensioners in these territories can lead to a deep demographic crisis. So, the socio-geographical analysis of the spatial distribution of IDPs in the Eastern region of Ukraine shows the real extent of forced internal population displacement in the region, and the analysis of the age structure of IDPs allows one to determine the options for the impact of forced migrations on the socio-economic development of host regions and serves as an indicator of the need to adopt appropriate programs or decisions regarding the improvement of the situation of IDPs.
Purpose. The article discusses the realities, problems and perspectives of internally displaced persons in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to justify the realities, problems and possible solutions to the problems of integration of Ukrainian IDPs into local communities. Scientific novelty. The article discusses theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the adaptation and integration of IDPs, forms of integration, the category of interaction between forced migrants and the local population. The level of integration of IDPs into local communities in Ukraine has been investigated. Results. Self-assessment of IDPs for their full integration into local communities as of December 2018 is 50%. The self-assessment of IDPs of their integration into local societies by regions of Ukraine has been analyzed. The most integrated are the migrants of the southern, central and northern regions (Mykolaiv, Kherson, Kirovohrad, Poltava, Cherkasy, Sumy) – 70%, the least integrated IDPs in the eastern regions (Luhansk, Donetsk) – 43%. The dynamics of self-assessment of IDPs of their integration into local societies was analyzed during March 2017 – December in 2018 and it is certain that during 2018 the self-assessment of full integration of IDPs tended to increase (increased from 38% to 50%). An objective assessment of the integration of IDPs into local societies, where the majority of IDPs (63%) are partially integrated, is presented. The dynamics of assessing the integration of IDPs into local societies during 2017-2018 has been studied. and it was found that the level of full integration in 2018 was almost 2 times less than in 2017 (24-27% versus 45-58%). The conditions for successful adaptation of IDPs are defined, the main ones being housing (87%), permanent income (77%) and employment (48%). The level of trust of IDPs to the local population in the current places of residence of IDPs, the frequency of IDPs' requests to local residents for help in everyday life, the level of belonging of IDPs to the society in their current and past place of residence. Problems of integration of IDPs are identified. The biggest obstacle to attracting IDPs into the life of the territorial community is the lack of own housing, the problem of obtaining social services and the problem of employment. For successful integration of IDPs into host communities, a number of activities are proposed, among which are the formation and implementation of organizational and management principles for the effective integration of IDPs, the restructuring of social cohesion, the strengthening of socio-economic security and resilience of host societies to IDPs, the development of regional (local) programs and plans, taking into account the needs of IDPs and others. Practical significance. The results of this study can be used by the Ukrainian authorities at the state and regional levels to solve the problems of IDPs in Ukraine.
Human geography, which is an integral branch of contemporary geographical science, relies on a broad methodological basis, using both the general geographical methodological apparatus and the methodological apparatus of related and related sciences. However, taking into account the specifics of the object-subject field of human geography, it is necessary to improve the methodological apparatus, going beyond the use of methods inherent only in geographical science. The anthropogenic factor becomes dominant in all negative changes in the interaction of the “society-human-nature” system. There is a need to replenish the methodological apparatus of human geography through the use of methods of related sciences, in particular, sociology. Sociological methods operate with large amounts of data and can be applied at various stages of socio-geographical research: at the stage of collecting information, its processing and interpretation. Among Ukrainian scientists, human geographers, for now, the use of sociological methods of collecting and processing information is more ignored, unlike foreign scientists. The use of traditional socio-geographical methods and ignoring the methods of related sciences indicate the need for a thorough review of the methodological and methodological foundations of socio-geographical research. This is required by the complexity of the global processes of socio-economic development of modern civilization as a single global socio-geographic system of the planet. At the stage of collecting socio-geographical information, it is important to use sociological methods of collecting information that are indispensable for the study of those features of geographical systems that are not covered by official statistics, as well as for the study of factors of processes and phenomena at the individual and group levels. Sociological research methods have a branched structure, in which they are distinguished as general scientific and special sociological research methods. Sociological methods of data collection can be used in socio-geographical studies, the choice of which depends on the type of goals, objectives, features of the object of study, the material capabilities of the researcher and the capabilities of the toolkit. Sociological methods for collecting information are divided into 5 main classes: survey, analysis of documents, experiment, observation and testing.
Актуальність проведення цього дослідження пов'язана з активними міграційними процесами, вимушеним характером міграцій населення на сході України, під яким у широкому розумінні ми розглядаємо територію Донецької, Луганської та Харківської областей. Мета дослідженняпошук і встановлення передумов, які впливають на формування загальної міграційної ситуації у Східній Україні загалом і вимушені міграції зокрема. Внаслідок воєнного конфлікту на Донбасі, окупації частини території Донецької та Луганської областей та посилення воєнно-політичної нестабільності на сході України виникли вимушені внутрішні переміщення населення та з'явилась категорія внутрішньо переміщених осіб (ВПО). Однак ми розуміємо, що воєнний конфлікт викликаний сукупністю передумов, які стали причиною його активізації у період трансформацій та, як наслідок, викликали вимушені міграції. Серед передумов, які викликали воєнний конфлікт та безпосередньо вплинули або впливають зараз на вимушене внутрішнє переміщення населення на сході України, виділяємо такі: заселенські процеси, безпекові, політичні, економічні, соціально-демографічні, етнолінгвістичні, культурні та ментальні передумови. Сукупність цих передумов призвела до формування на Донбасі особливого регіонального соціуму, який сформувався в процесі його тривалого історико-культурного та соціально-економічного розвитку. Тісні історичні та торговельно-економічні зв'язки з Російською Федерацією, наявність спільного кордону, масові добровільні та вимушені міграції російського населення за часів Радянського Союзу в регіоні призвели до домінування на Донбасі російськомовного населення, яке насторожено ставилося до української влади. Під час революційних змін в Україні всі ці особливості та чинники стали джерелом глибокого конфлікту, який за підтримки місцевих політичних еліт, громадських організацій та масової інформаційної атаки перейшов у затяжний воєнний конфлікт і став причиною масового вимушеного внутрішнього переміщення населення. Ключові слова: переміщення населення, вимушена міграція, внутрішня міграція, внутрішньо переміщені особи (ВПО), схід України, Донбас. Lohvynova M.O. PREREQUISITES OF FORCED INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE POPULATION IN THE EAST OF UKRAINE The relevance of this study is associated with active migration processes, the forced nature of population migration in eastern Ukraine, under which, in a broad sense, we consider the territory of Donetsk, Luhansk and Kharkiv regions. The purpose of the study is to search and establish the prerequisites that affect the formation of the general migration situation in Eastern Ukraine as a whole and forced migration, in particular. As a result of the military conflict in the Donbas, the occupation of part of the territory of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions and the intensification of military-political instability in eastern Ukraine, forced internal displacements arose and the category of internally displaced persons (IDPs) appeared. However, we understand that a military conflict is caused by a set of prerequisites that caused it to intensify d...
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