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Objectives Endovascular embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is currently considered one of the basic methods to treat acute bleeding and a posttraumatic aneurysm. The present research correlates the morphological characteristics of the MMA with individual skull shape. Design A prospective cohort study. Setting Hospital of University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan) from 2012 to 2013. Participants A total of 50 patients without known vascular pathology in the carotid system underwent routine magnetic resonance angiography examination of the head and neck. Main Outcome Measures The length and outer diameter of extracranial, intraosseous, and intracranial segments of the MMA were measured in patients with dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic types of skulls. Results The brachycephalic patients have the most inauspicious anatomical precondition for endovascular intervention of the MMA due to the narrowest lumen of the vessel, high probability of a tortuous extracranial part, and pronounced inflexion at the transmission of the intraosseous segment to the intracranial one. Conclusions The morphological characteristics of the MMA have a close correlation with individual skull shape.

The defining of the normal parameters of spacious relations and symmetry of the ventricular system of the brain depending on the gender and age is currently one of the topical research problems of clinical anatomy. The present research aims to identify the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain and the shape of the skull in middle aged people. This is a prospective cohort study. This study was set at the Trinity School of Medicine. A total of 118 normal computed tomography scans of the head of people aged from 21 to 86 years (mean age-48.6 years ± 17.57) were selected for the study. The anteroposterior, transverse diameters, and height of the fourth ventricle were measured and compared in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. The study has shown the presence of a statistically significant difference between morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. The morphometric parameters of the fourth ventricle of the brain, such as height, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters, depend on the individual anatomic variability of the skull shape and gender.

Objectives The defining of the normal parameters of spacious relations and symmetry of the ventricular system of the brain depending on the gender and age is currently one of the topical research problems of clinical anatomy. The present research aims to identify the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the third ventricle of the brain and the shape of the skull in the middle aged people. Design This is a prospective cohort study. Setting This study was set at the Trinity School of Medicine. Participants A total of 118 normal computed tomography scans of the head of people aged from 21 to 86 years (mean age: 48.6 years ± 17.57) were selected for the study. Main Outcome Measures The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, and height of the third ventricle were measured and compared in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Results The study has shown the presence of a statistically significant difference between morphometric parameters of the third ventricle of the brain in dolichocranial, mesocranial, and brachycranial individuals. Conclusion The morphometric parameters of the third ventricle of the brain, such as height, anteroposterior diameter, and transverse diameter, depend on the individual anatomic variability of the skull shape and gender.

Introduction: The thalamus is a nuclear complex located in the dorsal part of the diencephalon. The wide implementation of deep brain stimulation into minimally invasive neurosurgical practice requires accurate localization of the thalamus. The present study is designed to assess the influence of the individual shape of the skull in relation to the stereotactic characteristics of the thalamus. Materials and methods:A total of 140 Arab patients underwent routine MRI examination of the head. The perpendicular distances from the outer surface of the skull bones to anterior, lateral and superior borders of the thalamus were analyzed in patients with dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic shapes of the skull. The maximum-likelihood estimation of the observed variables was generalized to the studied population with the method of robust regression. Results:The distance from the anterior end of the thalamus to the outer surface of the frontal bone varies from the 81.92mm in the group of subjects with the dolichocephalic shape of the skull to 77.92mm in the brachiocephalic group, with the middle value obtained in the mesocephalic group. The opposite tendency concerns the distance from the midpoint of the lateral border of the thalamus to the outer surface of the temporal bone. Conclusion:The distances between the counter sides of the thalamus and the outer surfaces of overlaying bones do correlate with the shape of skull, and may contribute to personalization of preoperative stereotactic analysis and approach.

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A 76-year-old male patient underwent magnetic resonance angiography of the head and neck vessels due to a recent incident of transitory ischemic attack. Cerebral angiogram uncovered the double proximal origin of the median unpaired pericallosal artery from the duplicated anterior communicating complex. The vessel curved around the corpus callosum and irrigated the paracentral lobule and the medial parietal cortical areas. The main trunks of the anterior cerebral arteries showed a branching pattern of the marginal callosal arteries, supplying orbital and frontal territories. The pre-communicating segment of the left anterior cerebral artery was identified as hypoplastic. The co-existence of the duplicated anterior communicating artery, with the medial pericallosal artery ascending from it, represents a potential danger for both open and endovascular surgery on the anterior circle of Willis as the deep half of this complex is obscured from the surgeon's eyes. Thorough interpretation of preoperative radiographic images and understanding of the developmental mechanisms of such variability are vital. The described branching arrangement of the anterior communicative region and possible mechanisms of migration with following fusion of the pericallosal arteries are discussed in this paper.

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