Tribulus terrestris has been used in traditional medicine for relieving rheumatic pain and as an analgesic plant for a long time. In this investigation the analgesic effect of methanolic extract of this plant on male albino mice was evaluated by formalin and tail flick test. Extraction of the fruits of the plant was done by two different methods (suxheletion and percolation) with methanol 80%. The percolated extract was injected intraperitoneally in mice at 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg. The results showed that a dose of 100 mg/kg of percolated extract had the highest significant analgesic effect compared to the control group (P < 0.01) in formalin and tail flick test. There is no significant difference in the analgesic effect of suxheleted and percolated extract. The analgesic effect of the extract was lower than morphine, 2.5 mg/kg in both tests, and higher than ASA 300 mg/kg in chronic phase of pain in formalin test (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of animal with naloxone did not change the analgesia induced by the plant extract in both tests, therefore the involvement of opioid receptor in the analgesic effect of this plant was excluded. The results of ulcerogenic studies indicate that the gastric ulcerogenecity of plant extract is lower than the indomethacin in the rat's stomach. It can therefore be concluded that T. terrestris extract has a suitable analgesic effect and further studies are required to produce a more effective product of this plant to substitute for conventional analgesic drugs.

The COVID-19 global epidemic caused by coronavirus has affected the health and other aspects of life for more than one year. Despite the current pharmacotherapies, there is still no specific treatment, and studies are in progress to find a proper therapy with high efficacy and low side effects. In this way, Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), due to its holistic view, can provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of new diseases such as COVID-19. The muco-obstruction of the airway, which occurs in SARS-CoV-2, has similar features in TPM textbooks that can lead us to new treatment approaches. Based on TPM and pharmacological studies, Cinnamomum verum (Darchini)'s potential effective functions can contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infection treatment and has been known to be effective in corona disease in Public beliefs. From the viewpoint of TPM theories, Cinnamon can be effective in SARS-CoV-2 improvement and treatment through its anti-obstructive, diuretic, tonic and antidote effects. In addition, there is pharmacological evidence on anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, organ-o-protective and anti-depression effects of Cinnamon that are in line with the therapeutic functions mentioned in TPM. Overall, Cinnamon and its ingredients can be recommended for SARS-CoV2 management due to multi-targeting therapies. This review provides basic information for future studies on this drug's effectiveness in preventing and treating COVID-19 and similar diseases.

One concept used in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) for multidrug therapy is that of the convoy drug (Mobadregh). According to TPM texts, convoy drugs are substances (or drugs), which facilitate the access of drugs or foods to the whole body or to specific organs. This study reviewed some convoy drugs presented in TPM, their biological effects, and their probable interactions with main drugs, considering the increased absorption through inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux function, bioavailability-enhancing effects, and decreased metabolism of the main drug using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in November and December, 2013. Recent studies have proven the beneficial effects of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and camphor on the heart and brain, the cerebral therapeutic effects of Asarum europaeum (hazelwort), the hepatoprotective effects of Cichorium intybus (chicory), and Apium graveolens (celery) seeds, and the diuretic effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), and Cucumis melo (melon) seeds. The effects of vinegar in targeting the liver and brain have also been demonstrated. An evaluation of the results demonstrated that the suggested convoy drugs, including Piper nigrum (black pepper), Piper longum (long pepper), red wine, Camellia sinensis (tea), hazelwort, Mentha longifolia (pennyroyal), Anethum graveolens (dill), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), cinnamon, and Sassafras albidum (sassafras) can increase the bioavailability of coadministered drugs by inhibition of P-gp or cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) or both of them. This evidence could be a good basis for the use of these agents as convoys in TPM.

Background: Sekanjabin-e buzuri consisting extracts of Chicorium intybus L. (Kasni), Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Koshus), Apium graveolens L. (Karafs) and Pimpinella anisum L. (Anison) seeds is a Traditional Persian Medicine product. These drugs have many applications in traditional medicine, but they are more effective in opening vascular obstructions and related functions, especially in cardiovascular system. Purpose: In this study we prepared a proper Sekanjabin-e buzuri and developed a HPLC method for analysis of chlorogenic acid (CGA), as an herbal marker compound, for quality control and standardization in both Sekanjabin-e buzuri syrup and its ingredient sources. Methods: Sekanjabin-e buzuri is a group of oxymels that have many different formulations. A proper formulation has chosen from literature (from Gharabadin-e-salehi) and prepared. For standardization of Sekanjabin-e buzuri we developed a method for detecting chlorogenic acid content. A reversed phase MZ C18 column (150*3.0 mm, 5µm) using a mixture of acetonitrile-phosphoric acid 0.1% with gradient elution program for 20 minutes with flow rate of 1.5 ml/min with UV detection at 330 nm. Results: The chlorogenic acid Rt =5.1 minutes and linear over the range of 0.2-1.5 µg/ml, (R2 = 0.9996). The calculated LOD and LOQ of chlorogenic acid were 0.02 and 0.06 µg/ml, respectively. The concentration of chlorogenic acid was 7.69, 10.37, 2.25, 2.88 and 22.86 µg/ml for Chicorium intybus L., Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Apium graveolens L. and Pimpinella anisum L. seeds and Sekanjabin-e buzuri syrup, respectively. Conclusion: This standardized Sekanjabin-e buzuri syrup will be used as a vascular opener (Mofatteh) complementary product for opening internal organs obstruction e.g. promoting cardiovascular health.

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.