Objectives: In recent years, smoking water pipes or hookah has increased among adolescents in most countries. Although there is evidence in support of the negative effects of this type of smoking on human health, such as the increased risk of lung disease, little is known about the potential effects of hookah smoking on the male reproductive system, especially on the molecular aspects of sperm. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study examined sperm DNA fragmentation index, protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) genes expression, and oxidant status in normozoospermic hookah smokers in comparison with non-smoker controls. Results: Our results showed significantly higher rates of DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency, and abnormal chromatin condensation in the spermatozoa of hookah smokers ( P < .0001). Also, protamine gene expression showed a remarkable decrease in hookah smokers (1.55 ± 2.54 and 0.33 ± 0.54) compared to the controls (3.49 ± 5.41 and 1.22 ± 1.96), although the reduction was not statistically significant ( P = .155 and P = .066, respectively). Moreover, a significantly higher level of semen MDA was observed in the case group compared to the controls (0.39 ± 1.04 vs 0.15 ± 0.21; P = .013). Conclusion: According to our study, although hookah smoking does not have a significant effect on sperm parameters, it may have deleterious effects on DNA integrity, oxidative status, and nuclear protein levels of spermatozoa.
Background:Sexual disorders among diabetic men have been proved in different studies but sexual dysfunction of diabetic women has received attention only recently. Neuropathy, vascular impairment, and psychological complaints have been implicated in the pathogenesis of decreased libido, low arousability, decreased vaginal lubrication, orgasmic dysfunction, and dyspareunia among diabetic women.Aim:The aim of this research was to study the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in different areas among diabetic women.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 women who were recruited from a diabetes center, based on questionnaires completed by them. Data regarding demographic features, physical complications, and sexual disorders were obtained. Medical records of patients were used to obtain body mass index (BMI) and details of complications.Results:Mean age of participants, duration of diabetes, and BMI was 48.8 ± 0.4, 8.9 ± 0.32 years, and 28.9 ± 0.23, respectively. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 32.3%. Low sexual desire was seen in 81.8%, disorders of arousal in 78.3%, of orgasm in 47.5%, and 35.1% had disorder in resolution area. There was no significant relationship between some factors such as age, duration of diabetes, BMI, and frequency of sexual dysfunction. Frequency of diabetic complications demonstrated a significant effect on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction.Conclusion:Sexual problems are frequent among diabetic women and deserve more attention in clinical practice and researches.
Context: Gastrointestinal problems are common after Cesarean section. During the past three decades, there has been an increasing trend in the use of herbal plants in the treatment of various medical conditions.
Material and Methods:A total of 83 patients undergoing non-emergency Cesarean delivery in Imam Hospital were randomly selected. Patients with underlying diseases, history of gastrointestinal problems, fever, intestinal adhesion, longer-than-usual Cesarean section, and lack of cooperation were excluded. The subjects were informed about the study objectives and procedure and asked to provide written informed consent. They were then randomly assigned into three groups of cumin, peppermint, MOM. Gastrointestinal complications were assessed 20, 40, 60, and 120 minutes after drug administration.
Statistical Analysis Used:The collected data were analyzed using Fisher's exact and chi-square tests in SPSS for Windows 18.0.
Results:There was no significant difference between three groups according to incidence of gastrointestinal side effects after Cesarean section at the mentioned intervals.Conclusions: Cumin and peppermint were as effective as MOM.
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