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One in seven perimenopausal and postmenopausal women has moderate-severely bothersome VMS and few women receive appropriate therapy. The reporting of moderate-severe VMS should alert clinicians to the likelihood of significant concurrent VVA and depressive symptoms.

Objective. Pregnancy can cause diabetic conditions and gestational diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder of the era. Scientific evidence suggests that obesity increases the incidence and severity of gestational diabetes. Adipokines are proteins secreted from adipose tissue in response to extracellular stimuli and altered metabolism. These hormones are involved in regulating the energy balance, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. One of the types of adipokines is called adiponectin, which has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Accordingly, this study is aimed to investigate the correlation between the serum adiponectin level with the gestational diabetes and the postpartum metabolic syndrome.Methods. This case-control study was carried out on 37 pregnant women (in Sari, Iran) with gestational diabetes and 37 non-diabetic pregnant women who were matched regarding age and body mass index (BMI). Serum adiponectin and glucose levels were measured. Finally, six weeks after termination of pregnancy, women in both groups were evaluated for metabolic syndrome. All statistical analyses of this study were performed using IBM SPSS software version 21 and, in all cases, the two-way p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The mean age of pregnant women was 28.46±4.11 years in the non-diabetic group and 30.03±4.71 in the diabetic group. There was no statistically significant difference found between the mean age (p=0.123) and BMI (p=0.727) in two groups. Serum adiponectin levels in the diabetic group (5.51±3.15 µg/ml) were significantly lower than in the non-diabetic group (8.35±4.54 µg/ml) (p=0.003). In the diabetic group, serum adiponectin level did not correlate with the maternal age, maternal BMI, and postpartum metabolic syndrome (p>0.005).Conclusions. The results of the present study indicate a correlation of low adiponectin concentrations with gestational diabetes, but this association with postpartum metabolic syndrome is uncertain. However, to elucidate the mechanism of adiponectin in predicting gestational diabetes and postpartum metabolic syndrome further studies are required.

In this study, we examined the impacts of vaginal misoprostol versus curettage in treatment of early pregnancy failure in women with first time pregnancy. Sixty (60) pregnant women (30 women in misoprostol and 30 subjects in curettage group) with mean age of 25.8 ± 5.3 were enrolled in the research. Early pregnancy failure (less than 12 weeks) was confirmed by trans-vaginal sonography. Eight hundred (800 µg) of misoprostol was applied in posterior fornix of vagina and if there was failure to first prescription, second dose of misoprostol was applied after 24 h. Data were analyzed by chi square and T-test. In misoprostol group; 5 women (17.2%) in first 24 h, 14 subjects (48.2%) in 48 h and 3 participants (10.3%) in 7 days had complete treatment. Seven women (24.1%) had failure to misoprostol application. In curettage group, all of the patients received successful treatment. Hematocrit (HCT) before and after treatment in curettage group was 37.8 ± 1.4 and 35.6 ± 1.3, respectively while in misoprostol group, the HCT before treatment was 38.5 ± 1.5 and changed to 36.1 ± 1.6 after treatment. With considering type of therapy, there was significant differences between HCT level before and after treatment (p = 0.02). Negative βhCG was observed after 3.3 ± 0.5 weeks in the curettage group while it was 3.5 ± 0.5 weeks for misoprostol group. There was no significant change in this regard (p = 0.3). Application of vaginal misoprostol can be used as treatment in early pregnancy failure but curettage is superior.

Context: The aim of this study was to systematically review published articles reporting on the prevalence of vasomotor and sexual symptoms in Iranian women.Evidence Acquisition: Five databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Google scholar, as well as four Iranian databases including SID, Iranmedex, IranDoc and Magiran were searched during July 2016 to retrieve studies reporting on the prevalence of vasomotor and sexual symptoms in Iranian middle-aged women. Risk of bias was assessed using a standard risk of bias tool.Results: Twelve independent studies met our inclusion criteria and provided data for this review. The prevalence of vasomotor and sexual symptoms was high although the ranges were wide. This might be due to utilization of different study designs, methods of recruitment, instruments, and the time frame over which symptoms were assessed. There was a lack of information in most studies on the severity of symptoms as an important determining factor for clinical use. In addition, distress associated with sexual symptoms has not been assessed by any study. High risk of bias was observed for the eleven studies for both external and internal validity.Conclusions: High quality research is needed to establish the true portray for the prevalence and severity of vasomotor and sexual symptoms associated with distress in Iranian women.