Aim: The presence of family members at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential in family-centered care. Since nurses have an important role in facilitating the attendance of patients' family members in this regard, the present study was conducted to examine nurse attitudes towards the family's presence during CPR. Methods: This study was conducted across three teaching hospitals in Kerman province located in South East of Iran. Using convenience sampling, all registered nurses were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected between January and March 2014 using the attitude questionnaire on family presence during resuscitation. Results: Of 303 nurses, 92.5% were women. The mean attitude score of nurses was 50.99 ±7.12. The main perceived barriers to family presence during resuscitation by Iranian nurses were increased stress and anxiety among CPR team members, traumatic experience for the family members, difficulty around stopping CPR in futile situations owing to family requests, and family impressions about the fear of litigation related to resuscitation. Conclusion: This study revealed that nurses may have not positive attitudes towards family presence during CPR. It is necessary to improve these attitudes via educational programmes.
Background: In the recent years, many studies have been done on the drug combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol). Ketamine, due to increase in blood pressure, improves hemodynamic changes of propofol. On the other hand, propofol has antiemetic effects and through strong sedative effect reduces the psychiatric side effects of ketamine. Studies have used the combination of propofol and ketamine (within a syringe) as a new drug called ketofol. Objectives: Because of the possible drug interactions between these two drugs, this study was conducted to compare the effects of ketofol with the effect of ketamine plus propofol on hemodynamic status of patients undergoing transurethral lithotripsy (TUL). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on patients undergoing TUL, during year 2015. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample size for each group was determined as 20 subjects, who were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups. In the patients of the ketofol group, 1 mg/kg of propofol and 1 mg/kg of ketamine were drawn in a syringe and then injected. In the patients of ketamine plus propofol group, 1 mg/kg of propofol and 1 mg/kg of ketamine was drawn in separate syringes and were injected consecutively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and arterial blood oxygen-saturated hemoglobin (O2Sat) were recorded at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after endotracheal intubation. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (mean, frequency, and Independent t-test). Results: Males constituted 75% of patients. The mean age of participants was 37.34 ± 8.33 years and the age group of 31 to 45 years accounted for the highest percentage. There were no significant differences in mean ± SD of SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, and O2Sat at different times of surgery in the groups of ketofol and ketamine plus propofol. Conclusions: According to the non-significant mean SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, and O2Sat at different times of surgery in the groups of ketofol and ketamine plus propofol, there is no need to combine the two drugs. Thus, possible complications and drug interactions of the combination of ketamine and propofol can be prevented (ketofol).
Aims With the announcement of the coronavirus pandemic by the World Health Organization, many people experienced many waves of panic. The disease was a major threat to individuals' physical and mental health because of the rapid spread and severe mortality. The continued development and changes in the educational process can affect student's mental health. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and stress in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences during the coronavirus outbreak in 2020.Materials & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was 351 individuals selected by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected by DASS-21 and IES-R. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using the chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Findings The majority of students had moderate anxiety (33.6%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (26.2%). Depression (38.5%) and stress (55.3%) were not common in most students. Analysis of logistic regression showed a significant correlation between anxiety, stress, depression, and Posttraumatic stress disorder (p<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest mental health problems among medical students. Therefore, it is recommended to implement psychological counseling programs to reduce these cases.
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