The removal of methylene blue by activated carbon of corn husk by ZnCl 2 activation (CHAC Z) was investigated in the present study. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments. The effect of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, the particle size of CHAC Z , agitation speed, temperature, and contact time was explored. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using two widely applied isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich. Best fits were found to be Freundlich isotherm. Langmuir adsorption capacity () in 298, 308, and 318 K is 462.96, 546.45, and 662.25 mgg −1. The amount of indicates that CHAC Z has a favorable adsorption. Maximum MB removal was observed at pH 4.0. The results indicate that CHAC Z is an efficient adsorbent for removing dye from wastewater.

Spiro[pyrido[3,2,pyrimido [4,5-b] Reaction of 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-dione (1) with two equivalents of some 6-aminouracils (or 6-amino-2-thiouracil) generates spirocyclic tetrahydrobenzo[if]quinolizines (7). The one-pot, three-component reaction of amido ketone (1) with 6-aminouracil (or 6-amino-2-thiouracil) and a cyclic six-membered 1,3-diketone produces spirocyclic tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolinones (15).

Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is considered as a fast, eco-friendly, affordable and easily scalable technology. Also, the nanoparticles produced by plants are very stable. In this study, the focus is on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of eryngium campestre. The effective parameters such as concentration of silver nitrate, pH, temperature and time, size and morphology of the nanoparticles were investigated and controlled by (UV-Vis) spectroscopy in the range of 300-500 nm. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized under optimal conditions of 1 mM silver nitrate, pH=5, temperature= 50 °C and synthesis time of 100 minutes. Then, it was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis.