Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a chronic complication of diabetes that emphasizes the urgency of developing new drug therapies. With an illustrious history in traditional medicine to improve diabetes, cinnamon has been shown to possess blood lipids lowering effects and antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the extent to which it protects the diabetic heart has yet to be determined. Forty‐eight rats were administered in the study and grouped as: control; diabetic; diabetic rats given 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg cinnamon extract, metformin (300 mg/kg), valsartan (30 mg/kg), or met/val (combination of both drugs), via gavage for six weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and markers of cardiac injury including creatine kinase‐muscle/brain (CK‐MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in blood samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, the total contents of thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Histopathology study and gene expression measurement of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), beta‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were done on cardiac tissue. FBS and cardiac enzyme indicators were reduced in all treated groups. A reduction in MDA level and enhancement in thiol content alongside with increase of SOD and CAT activities were observed in extract groups. The decrease of inflammation and fibrosis was obvious in treated groups, notably in the high‐dose extract group. Furthermore, all treated diabetic groups showed a lowering trend in AT1, ANP, β‐MHC, and BNP gene expression. Cinnamon extract, in addition to its hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, can prevent diabetic heart damage by alleviating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Practical applications This study found that cinnamon extract might protect diabetic heart damage by reducing inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac tissue, in addition to lowering blood glucose levels and increasing antioxidant activity. Our data imply that including cinnamon in diabetic participants' diets may help to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
Objectives Regarding neurocognitive and immunomodulatory properties of cinnamon (Cinn) we aimed to investigate whether cinnamon regulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidative abnormalities with concomitant memory dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods 47 male adult rats were divided into seven groups (n=8 animals): Control group: in these non-diabetic rats only saline 0.9% NaCl was gavaged, Diabetic (Dia) group: diabetic rats in them saline 0.9% NaCl was gavaged for six weeks. Dia-Cinn 100, Dia-Cinn 200, and Dia-Cinn 400, Dia-Met groups: in these diabetic rats the extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg respectively) or metformin (300 mg/kg) was gavaged for six weeks. Passive avoidance performance, AChE enzyme activity, and oxidative indicators were examined among the groups. Results vs. the Control group, blood glucose level and stay time in the dark were remarkably increased in Dia group whereas the latency time was decreased. Meanwhile, antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and thiols) noticeably decreased in the Dia group compared to the Control group. On the other hand, Cinn extract espicailly at the highest dose recovered the changes similar to those found in the metformin-treated group. Conclusions These findings proposed that the cinnamon hydro-ethanolic extract promotes memory recovery in diabetic conditions through the atteuation of the AChE activity and oxidative injury.
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