Diabetic cardiomyopathy was attenuated by cinnamon treatment through the inhibition of fibro‐inflammatory response and ventricular hypertrophy in diabetic rats

Abstract

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a chronic complication of diabetes that emphasizes the urgency of developing new drug therapies. With an illustrious history in traditional medicine to improve diabetes, cinnamon has been shown to possess blood lipids lowering effects and antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the extent to which it protects the diabetic heart has yet to be determined. Forty‐eight rats were administered in the study and grouped as: control; diabetic; diabetic rats given 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg cinnamon extract, metformin (300 mg/kg), valsartan (30 mg/kg), or met/val (combination of both drugs), via gavage for six weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and markers of cardiac injury including creatine kinase‐muscle/brain (CK‐MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in blood samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, the total contents of thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Histopathology study and gene expression measurement of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), beta‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were done on cardiac tissue. FBS and cardiac enzyme indicators were reduced in all treated groups. A reduction in MDA level and enhancement in thiol content alongside with increase of SOD and CAT activities were observed in extract groups. The decrease of inflammation and fibrosis was obvious in treated groups, notably in the high‐dose extract group. Furthermore, all treated diabetic groups showed a lowering trend in AT1, ANP, β‐MHC, and BNP gene expression. Cinnamon extract, in addition to its hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, can prevent diabetic heart damage by alleviating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Practical applications This study found that cinnamon extract might protect diabetic heart damage by reducing inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac tissue, in addition to lowering blood glucose levels and increasing antioxidant activity. Our data imply that including cinnamon in diabetic participants' diets may help to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

Polygonatum sibiricum (Huang Jing) polysaccharide reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy through increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐protein kinase G signaling in diabetic mice

“…Cell membrane damage and increased permeability can cause the leakage of CK‐MB and LDH. LDH and CK‐MB are well‐known biomarkers for cardiac damage 31 . The study found that diabetes induction elevated the levels of the diagnostic marker enzymes.…”

Cinnamon and ginger extracts attenuate diabetes-induced inflammatory testicular injury in rats and modulating SIRT1 expression

“…Being one of the common metabolic disorders affecting various body organs and the leading cause of death globally, DM attracts researcher interest and curiosity [30]. Diabetes and testicular injury are interlinked disorders affecting male fertility [31].…”

Cinnamon modulates the pharmacodynamic & pharmacokinetic of amlodipine in hypertensive rats

“…The blood pressure of normal rats (baseline blood pressure) was recorded, and subsequently hypertension was induced in both hypertensive control group and cinnamon group by oral administration of L-NAME 40 mg/kg daily for two weeks ( Adaramoye et al, 2012 , Adedapo et al, 2020 , Ahad et al, 2022 , Alam et al, 2021 , Alam et al, 2020 , Metchi Donfack et al, 2021 , Sung et al, 2013 ). The cinnamon group received oral dose of cinnamon 200 mg/kg daily for two weeks in addition to L-NAME ( Abdeen et al, 2019 , Farazandeh et al, 2022 , Jain et al, 2015 , Sayad-Fathi et al, 2020 , Sharafeldin and Rizvi, 2015 ). After two weeks, the measurement of animal blood pressure was conducted by Visitech tail-cuff system (Visitech, BP-2000 Series II, USA) at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h ( Ahad et al 2022 ).…”