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Screening for language problems in minority preschool children is not straight-forward because of these children's diverse cultural, economic, and linguistic backgrounds. Over 68% of the 540 preschool English-speaking children in the Fort Worth Head Start program obtained scores at least one standard deviation below the mean on the Hannah-Gardner Test of Verbal and Nonverbal Language Functioning. This high failure rate suggested that a local adaptation was needed for language screening. The procedures used to calculate local norms and other issues involved in screening minority population are discussed.

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An increase in LH secretion was induced in ovariectomized oestradiol benzoate-primed rats 5 h after a second injection of oestradiol benzoate. Lesions stereotaxically placed in the cortical and basomedial amygdala of steroid-primed rats abolished this rise. The results provide evidence for a facilitatory action of the amygdala upon LH release and an involvement of this region of the limbic system in oestrogen-feedback mechanisms.

Behavior of Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) during sexual satiety tests was examined across estrous cycle days in intact females and as a function of hormonal replacement in ovariectomized (OVEX) females. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate differences between artificially induced and naturally occurring estrous behavior and to determine whether such differences affected the behavior of the male partner. The results of this study indicated that: 1. The hormonal replacement regime given to OVEX females primarily affected the induction of, but not the amount of time spent in, receptive behavior. a. When given only estradiol benzoate (EB) very few females exhibited frozen lordosis, and when such behavior did occur, the latency was quite long and little time was spent in this posture. b. Following administration of EB and progesterone (P), the number of females that became receptive increased with increasing dosages of EB. For females that showed frozen lordosis, the latency was short and a considerable portion of the test was spent in this posture. 2. Achievement of ejaculations by the male partner did not imply that the female was receptive. Males ejaculated on several tests with females that were not considered receptive because lordosis was either absent or occurred intermittently; lordosis typically was no maintained during the male's intercopulatory intervals, and female attempts to reject or abort mounts by the male were frequent. 3. The hormonal replacement regime given to OVEX females did not mimic naturally occurring events. The behavior of OVEX females differed significantly from that of intact females: a. Receptive behavior of natural estrous females differed from that of induced estrous females in that the former showed facilitated initiation and maintenance of frozen lordosis. b. Toward the end of the tests, natural estrous females were more likely than induced estrous females to approach and attack the male. Such behavior has been proposed to promote reinitiation of copulation by males (BUNNELL et al. , 1977), but it remains to be demonstrated empirically that such approaches or attacks facilitate the continuation of copulation. c. Although fights occasionally occurred with induced estrous females, natural estrous females never engaged in fighting. d. Nonestrous intact females showed a higher frequency of defensive-rolls, vaginal scent marking, and attacks than nonreceptive OVEX females. 4. The type of female with which the male was tested affected his performance. Males initiated copulation more quickly and achieved more ejaculations with natural estrous than induced estrous females. 5. A particular response pattern, defensive-rolls, was identified that may represent rejection behavior: a. This pattern was characteristic of nonreceptive females, and was rarely observed in receptive females. b. The frequency of this response was elevated during tests in which males achieved ejaculations with nonreceptive females.

The continued growth of urbanized areas throughout the world, especially in Western Europe, has focused increasing military emphasis on fighting in, around, and through urbanized areas. Planning and conducting operaLions in an "ucbanized environment requires unique training and planning procedures. Procedure: hi• The authors of this report conducted a review of all existing U.S. MOUT doctrine and observed training in both the institutional and unit environments. Questionnaires were administered to entry level U.S. soldiers, and interviews were conductpd for all grades within the Army. Of special interest is the comparison of MOUT training and dcctrine made between the U.S. and its allies (West Germany, England, and France). Findings: The authors have determined that numerous researchable problems exist in the MOUT area; most notable are: (1) there is a need for an updated doctrinal review; (2) an optimum map scale for MOUT operations needs to be determined; (3) incorporation of live fire training should be explored; (4) urban terrain analysis needs more emphasis; (5) a detailed task analysis of MOUT needs to be conducted; (6) Lhe use of Multiple integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) equipment should be expended; (7) the role of snipers needs to be more closely examined; (8) the need exists for developing Ccmmand Post Exercise/Field Training Exercise (CPX/FTX) MOUT scenarios; (9) related training without the use of a MOUT facility needs identification and emphasis; (10) weapons which are suitable for MOUT need to be identified; (11) the equipment needs of the individual soldier should be evaluated; and (12) the use of simulation may be a cost-effective alternative training method. Utilization of Findings: The purpose of this report is to give an overall view of existing MOUT doctrine and training. It can form the basis for a specific research project, or a change to current training procedures.