The report describes a field study designed to measure soldier performance of land navigation and other mission tasks using current navigational equipment and to compare these data with performance using navigational information integrated on a helmet-mounted display (HMD). Measures of stress, cognitive performance, and workload were also obtained. The results indicated that the soldiers traveled less distance between waypoints and experienced lower levels of mental workload using information presented on the HMD than they did using current navigational equipment. As might be expected, differences in time between manual and automatic map updates were significant, but no differences were found between current equipment and the HMD condition in object detection, determination of magnetic azimuth, or call for fire tasks. Differences between conditions in levels of stress and cognitive performance were not significant. Thanks to those at the Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED) of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, particularly Jack Waugh for his assistance in defining the paths and object positions, to Mike Kosinski for the construction of the protractors with which our soldiers so accurately plotted coordinates, and to Dennis Hash and Nickey Keenan for their support in all phases and facets of this investigation. We would also like to express our appreciation to SFC Bobby King who assisted as pilot subject, trainer, and lane walker, and to SSG Brian James for the valuable extra set of hands he provided during training and testing. Last but never least, we are particularly grateful to the soldiers who participated in this investigation. We thank them for their enthusiasm, dedication, and opinions, and particularly their patience and sense of humor.
A helmet-mounted display (HMD)-based computer navigation system that partially mimics the U.S. Army's Land Warrior ensemble provided position information and map updates to soldiers navigating a three-kilometer course. Performance with the HMD system was compared to traditional navigation with paper map, compass, and a hand-held GPS receiver. New objective computer-based measures of navigational accuracy and situational awareness (SA) were developed. Traditional measures of navigational accuracy were not sensitive enough to detect differences between HMD and traditional navigational methods. The more sensitive new measure based on distance traveled found the HMD-based system to be superior. This method is easily adaptable to civilian applications such as orienteering. A supposed advantage of using HMDs is enhanced SA. A SA measure was developed which used probe questions generated by the computer. Although the probe questions found no significant differences between the conditions, the method seems promising for future applications.
The Aircraft Maintenance Intuitive Troubleshooting (AMIT) project is a three-year Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) effort headed by the Logistics Readiness Branch, Warfighter Readiness Research Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate (HEAL) through NCI Information Systems, Inc, with the support of the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI). AMIT's goal is to support aircraft maintenance technicians by providing the right information, appropriate to their experience level, so they will more efficiently and effectively complete their task. Multiple data collection strategies were adopted, including an extensive literature review, a series of process interviews, and a progression of CTA interviews. The CTA effort was designed to capture where the process is inadequate or breaks down. Areas of the maintenance process identified as most challenging includes debrief, problem duplication, and troubleshooting. Resulting design recommendations include Graphical System Representations, electronic technical orders, electronic wiring diagrams, access to other information sources, and application of case based reasoning.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT The AMIT program is an advanced research (6.3) program developed as a human performance enhancement for flightline maintenance technicians in the operational and warfighting environment.The need for AMIT was identified as critical to reducing persistent "Cannot Duplicate", "Re-test OK" and false removal patterns that have hampered maintenance performance and readiness and have increased operating costs.The significance of AMIT will be in researching the troubleshooting process and cognitive demands and decision points in order to identify the gaps where emerging science and technology could be applied to improve performance.
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