Process conditions for the acid hydrolysis of pine hemicellulose and cellulose have been described which provide a biocompatible sugar solution. By using an improved strain of recombinant Escherichia coli, strain KOll, hydrolysates supplemented with yeast extract and tryptone nutrients were converted to ethanol with an efficiency of 85% to over 100% on the basis of monomer sugar content (approximately 72 glliter) and with the production of 35 g of ethanol per liter in 48 h. In the process described, approximately 347 liters of ethanol could be produced per dry metric ton of lignocellulose.
Combinations of landfarming and biostimulation were evaluated for remediating pesticide wastes. Various amounts of soil contaminated with alachlor and trifluralin (> or = 100 mg/kg each) and metolachlor and atrazine (> or = 20 mg/kg each) were applied to field plots, and sewage sludge or corn meal was incorporated into designated plots. Plots were also treated with fresh spray mixtures in amounts similar to those applied as contaminated soil. Soil bioactivity and dissipation of parent herbicides were monitored after the treatments. During 100 d, soil dehydrogenase activities were highest in organic-material-amended plots. During the same period, the levels of alachlor had declined by 85-95% in amended, contaminated soil-treated plots and by 75-85% in corresponding unamended plots. In freshly sprayed plots, 95-100% of the initial doses of alachlor had dissipated in amended plots, and 85-95% was lost in corresponding unamended plots. The levels of trifluralin had declined by 70-80% in corn-meal-amended plots and by 60-75% in unamended plots. There were no significant differences between dissipation of trifluralin applied as contaminated soil or fresh sprays.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.