This research describes the influence that farm size has on gendered involvement in crop cultivation and decision making about what crops to grow where, irrigation and marketing among small and medium-sized farmers in Moldova. Findings reveal that overall crop cultivation is characterized by gendered patterns that vary according to farm size. Overall men have much more input into decision making than do women but women on small farms have more input in decisions than do the women on medium-sized farms. However, women on medium-sized farms are more involved in the diverse range of cultivation activities in terms of labour.
A sample survey of small and medium-sized farms in Moldova is used to examine the prevalence of different aspects of an "entrepreneurial outlook" in a post-communist transitional economy. Within the range of less than 1 to 100 hectare farms, the most pronounced differences are that operators of larger farms have greater "technical knowledge" of different aspects of high value agricultural production and sales as well as having a greater willingness to deal with "uncertainty and debt. "
This article presents the results of a grounded theory study of mentoring experiences of domestic Ph.D. students in programs recognized by the National Research Council (2010) as being among the top Ph.D. programs at the public comprehensive doctoral-granting land grant research university where the research was conducted. A typology of Ph.D. student motivations for pursuing higher education that is connected in patterned ways to those features of mentoring students emphasized as important is described. The four ideal types that emerged from the data are: academic, careerist, creative, and credentialist. The research provides a view of what is important for differently motivated Ph.D. students in mentoring, from their perspectives, and concludes that one important way to support students in developing as engaged mentees is to provide early career professional development that fosters self-reflection designed to empower them to negotiate mentoring relationships that support their progressive development.
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