Thirty-six young adults (M age = 24.3 years) and 36 old adults (M age = 71.8 years) listened to four double-episode stories having either standard, interleaved, or scrambled structure. Two days later they were asked to recall the stories. Analysis of the mean number of nodes recalled revealed no age differences in the recall of standard and scrambled stories with both groups recalling the standard stories equally well and the scrambled stories equally poorly. However, for interleaved stories, young adults followed their pattern of recall for standard stories while old adults followed their pattern for scrambled stories. Also, the age groups differed in their pattern of additions and distortions, with old adults giving more for standard stories and young adults giving more for scrambled stories. Results appear to support models of age-related differences in memory processes and/or strategies when material must be reorganized or hierarchized. Possible metacognitive differences were also discussed; i.e., old adults may aim to tell the story interestingly, while young adults aim to tell it accurately.
A load-based multiple-partial unloading microindentation technique has been developed for evaluating mechanical properties of materials. Comparing to the current prevailing nano/micro-indentation methods, which require precise measurements of the indentation depth and load, the proposed technique only measures indentation load and the overall indentation displacement (i.e. including displacement of the loading apparatus). Coupled with a multiple-partial unloading procedure during the indentation process, this technique results in a load-depth sensing indentation system capable of determining Young's modulus of metallic alloys with flat, tubular, or curved architectures. Test results show consistent and correct elastic modulus values when performing indentation tests on standard alloys such as steel, aluminum, bronze, and single crystal superalloys. The proposed micro-indentation technique has led to the development of a portable loaddepth sensing indentation system capable of on-site, in-situ material property measurement.
First-generation monolithic porous ceramic filter materials have experienced thermal fatigue, high-temperature creep, and a loss of material strength when operated for extended periods of time in advanced coal-fired combustion and gasification systems. Fiber-reinforced and advanced ceramic composites potentially provide a means to mitigate the degradation mechanisms encountered by monolithic filter matrices and ultimately extend operating life. In this paper we will review advancements which have recently been made during the development of the second-generation porous ceramic filter materials and provide insight into the performance of the filter elements during bench-scale qualification testing and operation in demonstration plant test facilities.
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