This experience and that reported in the literature suggest that it is frequently impossible to preserve the function of the nerve of origin with surgical treatment of cervical neurilemomas.
Malignant clear cell tumors of the head and neck are uncommon. Primary tumors may arise from the salivary glands, thyroid gland, or parathyroid glands, while metastatic tumors most commonly arise from the lungs, kidneys, and female genital tract. Renal cell carcinoma is the third most common metastatic tumor to the bone and soft tissues of the head and neck. Despite this, there have been few reported cases of renal clear cell carcinoma metastases to the neck. Here we report a unique case of an otherwise asymptomatic young woman with a left neck mass as the first clinical sign of advanced renal clear cell carcinoma.
Pet food made from fresh and rendered high quality meat products are considered safe and nutritious products. Currently the main assessment of meat freshness and fat products is based on peroxide values (PV), quantifying secondary oxidation products such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. Research on how rancidity or peroxidation affects the health/safety of pets has not been adequately investigated. Exploring how Labrador retrievers interact with PV associated aromas, the goal was to observe any correlations in canine aromatic preference to differing poultry meal PV levels. A pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary data and screen 60 Labrador Retrievers (30 male/30 female) for those best suited for this novel aromatic palatability approach. 10 Labrador Retrievers (5 male/5 female) were hand selected from the original group of 60, according to their willingness to interact repeatedly with the aromatic boxes designed to prevent consumption while allowing interaction with varied PV poultry meal aromas. Many dogs lost interest quickly when they learned they could not get to the inside contents of the boxes, making the pilot study a crucial step in the preliminary selection process. First approach was recorded for both trials as well as time spent interacting. Time spent at each box was converted to ratios and both were statistically analyzed. Data falling outside 2 standard deviations from the mean were deemed outliers and excluded from analysis. Ratio analysis examined over both trials pointed to a higher peroxide value (PV) preference, when paired with sample 1, especially sample 5. PV levels 2, 4, and 5 showed significantly higher (p=< 0.05) interaction times and 6 neared significance (P = 0.08), compared to PV level 1. Further exploration could compare all PV levels to one another, determining if a specific threshold or range of preference exists within the 6 levels we examined in this study.
Trace mineral amino acid chelates (TMAAC) maintain integrity prior to absorption without binding to or interacting with other minerals or chelating compounds. TMAACs are essential as prosthetic groups for activating important enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is needed to rid the body of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. A 19-day trial utilizing 20 Labrador Retrievers (10m/10f) was set up to determine the effects of TMAAC tabs on performance, recovery, and exercise induced inflammatory response. Dogs were sorted into two treatment groups: the TMAAC group received three oral tablets per day and the CON group received none. Body weights were recorded weekly and feed consumption was recorded daily. All dogs participated in an 8.05 km endurance run on Day 18, inducing exercise stress. Blood draws for serum biomarker analyses and gait analyses were performed at baseline (prior to treatment), 1-hour post-run, and 24-hours post-run. A pressure sensing computerized mat (CIR Systems, Inc) was used to evaluate lameness based on temporal spatial gait parameters. Dogs were walked on the mat at each time point to obtain three valid walks for analysis. TMAAC male dogs had similar amounts of SOD at baseline (P = 0.63) but increased 0.38 ng/ml SOD from baseline to Post-1h, while CON males had a 0.46ng/ml significant decrease in SOD (P = 0.002). Positive antioxidant trends favored TMAAC dogs across biomarkers assayed (P = 0.06). Gait lameness scores (GLS) indicated TMAAC males had unbalanced gait at baseline but recovered their normal gait after being on the treatment (P = 0.02). Stride length evaluation found that after treatment, this characteristic remained constant for TMAAC dogs but became uneven Post-24h for CON dogs (P = 0.04). Data collected from this trial indicate some significant exercise recovery improvement in working Labrador Retrievers supplemented with trace mineral amino acid chelates.
As the pet food industry develops products aimed to supply the nutrients necessary for the wellness and longevity of canines, it is important to understand the amino acid requirements needed for such health and growth. In this experiment, a total of six growing Labrador retriever puppies were studied during each testing period in order to determine their individual amino acid requirements through the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. To do this, the puppies were supplied with constant dietary Phe in the control and test diets. Excluding the control diet, a total of six diets with varying levels of the amino acid of interest were utilized in this experiment. The control diet was fed for two days, followed by a day in which the test diet was fed, a tracer amino acid was supplied, and breath samples were collected. On test day, a priming dose of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.) based on the subject’s body weight was first supplied, followed by [1-13C]Phe doses every thirty minutes, spanning a four hour period. A respiration mask was placed on each subject every thirty minutes (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments), 13CO2 was collected, and enrichment was determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using a broken-line model of best fit (JMP Pro 14.1). Through the segmented line regression of 13Phe oxidation, it was shown that lysine and tryptophan mean requirements were 0.627 and 0.204%, respectively. A 95% confidence interval was calculated as 0.627 ± 0.180 and 0.204 ± 0.182% (mean ± 2SD) for lysine and tryptophan, respectively, representing the population’s safe requirements. The determination of the amino acid requirements found in this study proves useful as the industry develops nutrient profiles specific to the needs of varying age groups and growing Labradors.
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