EHRLICH, H. G., and MARY A. EHRLICH. (Duquesne U., Pittsburgh, Pa.) Electron microscopy of the host-parasite relationships in stem rust of wheat.-Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 123-130. Illus. 1963.-A series of micrographs showing intercellular dikaryotic mycelium, haustorial mother cells, stages in haustoriaI formation, and haustoria within host cells are presented in the present report. Of special interest and potential significance in a study of obligate parasitism is an encapsulation ranging from 800 to 3400 A in thickness which surrounds the haustorium, but which is not present around the intercellular hyphae. The encapsulation completely encases the haustorium proper; it is bounded on the inside by the cell wall of the haustorium, and its thin membranous outer margin abuts directly on the protoplast of the host cell. The nature of the material composing the encapsulation is uncertain, but it appears to originate from the haustorial protoplast, and at least a portion of it may be fungal cytoplasm. This newly described structure represents the actual interface between the host and pathogen. Small vesicles which seem to originate from the outer margin of the encapsulation are sometimes found in the host cytoplasm surrcunding apparently vigorous haustoria. The vesicles are bounded by a membrane and contain particulate material. 123

The septal pores in uredial mycelium of Puccinia graminis and P. recondita lack the septal swelling and septal pore cap (dolipore‐parenthosome configuration) typically associated with the pores of previously investigated Homobasidiomycetidae and the Tremellales among the Heterobasidiomycetidae. The pores in young hyphae of these two species of Puccinia are characterized by the presence of a cytoplasmic matrix which apparently occludes the pore and acts as a plug, thus preventing the migration of organelles from cell to cell. Large vesicles are typically present at the periphery of the pore matrix and the matrix may be very incompletely bounded by a membrane. Nuclei and other cytoplasmic structures migrate from cell to cell through an opening in the septum lateral to the pore. The available evidence indicates that this peripheral gap in the septum results from a breakdown of a portion of an initially complete septum rather than from incomplete septum formation. In addition to the centripetally formed septa, the hyphae of P. graminis and P. recondita are further compartmentalized by shallow infoldings of the lateral wall and limited unilateral septum formation. There is apparent free passage of cellular material between adjacent compartments.

The ultrastructure of the mycelium of both Phytophthora infestans and P. parasitica is consistent with that reported for other Oomycetes. A distinct plasmalemma, porate nuclei, tubular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubular cristae, Golgi dictyosomes, and lipid bodies are present within the protoplast. The haustoria produced by P. infestans in the leaves of susceptible potato varieties consist of an expanded haustorial head surrounded by a fungus wall which is continuous with the wall of the intercellular mycelium. The haustorium lacks the long narrow stalk or neck often associated with this organ, and there is considerable cytoplasmic continuity between the haustorium and the intercellular mycelium. All P. infestans haustoria observed were anucleate and generally contained only a few mitochondria and sparse endoplasmic reticulum. The haustorium is enclosed in an encapsulation surrounded by a membrane which is continuous with the host plasmalemma. There is no evidence, around any portion of the haustorium, of a sheath originating from the cell wall of the host. A survey of the current literature on the ultrastructure of the Eumycotinia shows that the parasitic fungi exhibit no unique cytoplasmic features when compared with non-parasitic fungi, and the ultrastructure of the haustoria-producing facultative saprophyte is similar to that of the obligate parasites.

The present paper reports a number of electron microscope observations on the protoplasm and walls of developing spores which provide additional information on uredospore wall and spine development and on the fine structure of organelles, particularly of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum and of lipid bodies in developing spores. Micrographs of partially extracted uredospore walls and of chromium-shadowed extracted sections demonstrate the architecture of the wall as seen in cross and tangential section. Three distinct wall zones are clearly visible with the external wall layer forming the boundary of the germinal pore.

Ehrlich, H. G., and Mary A. Ehrlich. (Duquesne U., Pittsburgh, Pa.) Electron microscopy of the host‐parasite relationships in stem rust of wheat.—Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 123–130. Illus. 1963.—A series of micrographs showing intercellular dikaryotic mycelium, haustorial mother cells, stages in haustorial formation, and haustoria within host cells are presented in the present report. Of special interest and potential significance in a study of obligate parasitism is an encapsulation ranging from 800 to 3400 A in thickness which surrounds the haustorium, but which is not present around the intercellular hyphae. The encapsulation completely encases the haustorium proper; it is bounded on the inside by the cell wall of the haustorium, and its thin membranous outer margin abuts directly on the protoplast of the host cell. The nature of the material composing the encapsulation is uncertain, but it appears to originate from the haustorial protoplast, and at least a portion of it may be fungal cytoplasm. This newly described structure represents the actual interface between the host and pathogen. Small vesicles which seem to originate from the outer margin of the encapsulation are sometimes found in the host cytoplasm surrounding apparently vigorous haustoria. The vesicles are bounded by a membrane and contain particulate material.