Electron Microscopy of the Host‐parasite Relationships in Stem Rust of Wheat

Ehrlich, Howard G.; Ehrlich, Mary A.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1963.tb07187.x

Cited by 60 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…1958;Shaw el al. Recent studies have been concerned chiefly with the fine structure of the host-parasite interface (Moore and R!IcAleal-1961; Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1961, 1962Peyton and Bowen 1963;Berlin and Bowen 1963). 'l'hese losses I-cAect a clefinite pattern of cytological change, which is charactel-izccl by a degeneration in the fine structure of subcellular organelles, culnzinating in thc disintegration of the nucleus and the plasma nzelnbrane (plasmalemma) (Shaw and Manocha 1965).…”

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The Physiology of Host–parasite Relations: Xv. Fine Structure in Rust-Infected Wheat Leaves

Shaw¹,

Manocha²

1965

Can. J. Bot.

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Electron microscopy showed that the haustoria of Y. granzi?zis trilici on wheat were characterized by numerous mitochondria, an extensive endoplasmic reticulum, densely packed ribosomes, and a well-defined plasma membrane (plasmalemma), which was often invaginated by lomasomes. No evidence was obtained for cytoplasn~ic connections between the parasite and its host. Many of the haustoria formed on a resistant variety, Ichapli, were necrotic but others iverc closely similar to those formed on a susceptible variety, Little Club. 'Thc haustorial neclts were surrounded by a collar-like sheath formed by an extension of the host cell wall. The haustoria merely invaginated host protoplasts from \vhich they were separated by granular encapsulations. 'The latter were apparently secreted mainly by the host and developed faster in Khapli than in Little Club. The presence of haustoria also induced the formation of an extensive, smoothsurfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the host, a contraction and fragmentation of the vacuole, an increase in the vol~une of the cytoplasm, and, ultimately, thc co~nplete degeneration of the host cells. The processes of breakdown of the subcellular organelles in the host were very similar to those which have been observed in uninfected cells in detached leaves senescing on water.

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The Physiology of Host–parasite Relations: Xv. Fine Structure in Rust-Infected Wheat Leaves

Shaw¹,

Manocha²

1965

Can. J. Bot.

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“…Fully developed dolipore-parenthesomes have not been reported in either the Ustilaginales or the Uredinales (Moore and McAlear, 1961;Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1963;Moore, 1963), but Ehrlich, Ehrlich and Schafer (1968) and Littlefield and Bracker (1971) have presented micrographs in which there is apparently a reduced dolipore-parenthesome septum with plugs in species of Puccinia and Melampsora.…”

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Some ultrastructural features ofRhodosporidium toruloides Banno

Johnson-Reid

Moore

1972

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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1972. Some ultrastructural features of Rhodosporidium toruloides Banno. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 38: 417-435.A 21-day subculture of Rhodosporidium toruloides Banno produced septate mycelium with hook-shaped cells over many septa. In the light microscope these hook-shaped cells appeared to be clamp connections; this feature might suggest that R. toruloides belongs to the basidiomycetes. Electron micrographs, however, demonstrated that the hyphal septum above which the hook cell occurred and the back septum of the hook cell were tapered centripetally, contained a pore in the middle, and were typical of the ascomycete septum. Two electropaque bodies, believed to be similar to Woronin bodies, were observed occluding the pore in one hyphal septum above which was a hook cell.Melanospores in the 21-day subculture were produced terminally on hyphae and laterally above hook cells which occurred over ascomycete-type septa. Proliferating hook ceils appeared similar to repeating croziers found in the ascomycetes.The walls of hyphal cells from the 21-day subculture demonstrated lenticular bodies and alternating electrolucent and electropaque lamellae. The walls of 12-hr dividing yeast cells were observed to be similarly lamellate, a characteristic which has been reported typical of heterobasidiomycetous yeasts.Since R. toruloides exhibited ascomycetous and basidiomycetous features, a reconsideration of its present classification is suggested.The Rhodosporidium observations are a portion of a thesis submitted by JAJ-R in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree, North Carolina State University. and to whom grateful acknowledgment is made for use of photographic facilities.

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“…The reports of Ehrlich and Ehrlich (1963), Moore (1963), and Manocha and Shaw (1967) suggest that septal swellings and pore caps are not characteristic of all basidiomycete septa, particularly of some of the Heterobasidiomycetidae. In view of the phylogenetic implications involved in the septal pore structure of the Basidiomycetes and the recurrent interest in nuclear migration in the Uredinales, the present investigation was initiated to study in greater detail the septa in two species of Puccinia.…”

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“…The pores in young hyphae of these two species of Puccinia are characterized by the presence of a cytoplasmic matrix which apparently occludes the pore and acts as a plug, thus preventing the migration of organelles from cell to cell. However, this type of elaborate septum was not found in the aecial thallus of Puccinia podophylli (Moore, 1963) or in the uredial mycelium of Puccinia graminis tritici (Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1963) and Melampsora lini (Manocha and Shaw, 1967 Giesy and Day (1965) reported that both simple pores and pores having the characteristic septal swelling and pore cap are present in the Homobasidiomycetidae, Coprinus lagopus. Nuclei and other cytoplasmic structures migrate from cell to cell through an opening in the septum lateral to the pore.…”

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“…They, therefore, postulated that there are two types of pore apparatus in Basidiomycetes: the Rhizoctonia-type and the Polyporus-type. Since complex septal pores were not found in the Uredinales (Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1963;Moore, 1963;Manocha and Shaw, 1967), the method whereby the dikaryotic state of the hyphal cells is maintainied in this group was unknown. These resulting simple pores apparently function as do those in ascomycete septa and permit nuclear migration.…”

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