A total of 50 commercial and homemade Labenah samples were collected randomly from supermarkets and houses (n=25 for each product) in Asiut Governorate. It was concluded that the average of total counts of yeasts and molds and total coliforms were 8.8x10 2 and 9.6x10 2 cfu /g in commercial labneh and 6x10 2 and 7.6x10 4 cfu/g in homemade labenah, respectively. Pathogenic E.coli could be isolated in percentage of 28% from homemade one. The isolated pathogenic E.coli could be serologically identified to O103 :
Infant formulae are modern artificial substitutes for human breast milk. Formulas are designed for infant consumption, and are usually based on either cow milk or soy milk. Geobacillus represents aerobic or facultative anaerobic, neutrophilic, obligatory thermophilic, endosporeforming bacteria. A total of ninety random samples of milk powder, Infant milk powder and milk-cereal based weaning food (30 samples each) were purchased from different shops and pharmacies in Assiut city. Samples were examined for total thermophillic count, total spore count at 37°C and 55°C. The incidences of Geobacillus spp. and other bacillus spp. were also determined. The mean value of total thermophillic colony count/g was 10×10 3 ; 13×10 3 and 12×10 3 / g of examined dried milk powder, infant milk formulae and milk-cereal based weaning food samples, respectively at 37°C. While at 55°C, it was 1×10 2 and 7.6×10 2 /g in the same samples, respectively. Infant milk formulae were free. In addition, the mean of total spore count at 37 and 55°C were 22×10 2 and 10×10 3 /g in milk powder samples, respectively and 11×10 3 and 59×10 2 in milkcereal based weaning food samples and 13×10 3 in infant milk formulae at 37 °C. Geobacillus stearothermophilus could be isolated only from milk-cereal based weaning food in percentage of 16.7%. Some other Bacillus spp. could be detected at different temperatures with different percentages. Lipolytic and proteolytic activities of G. stearothermophilus were also evaluated.
This study was aimed to evaluate some dried dairy drinks as salep, hot chocolate and coffee milk powder. A total of 75 random samples (25 each) were purchased from different dairy shops and supermarkets in Assiut city, Egypt. Each sample was microbiologically examined in both forms; powdered form (as it was packed) and reconstituted form (as manufacturing instructions) as well as isolation of Bacillus cereus and detection of its toxigenic genes (cytK, and hblC) using PCR technique was performed. The obtained results showed that the average psychrotrophic counts in the powdered form were 1.2x10 3 , 3.6x10 2 and 80cfu/g, respectively; and the counts in the reconstituted form were 1.25x10 4 , 1.69x10 4 and 7.8x10 3 cfu/g, respectively. Moreover, the average thermophilic counts in the powdered form were 2.68x10 3 , 40 and 40 cfu/g, respectively; and in the reconstituted form were 6.8x10 2 ,40 and <10 cfu/g, respectively. The average counts of total yeasts and molds in the powdered form of the examined samples were 1.72X10 3 , 1.6X10 2 and 1.01X10 3 cfu/g, respectively, and the counts in the reconstituted form were 9.6X10 2 , 9.2X10 2 and 2.6X10 3 cfu/g, respectively. Regarding the total Bacillus count, the average counts in the powdered form were 4x10 2 , 3.2x10 2 and 40cfu/g, respectively; 1.8x10 3 , 1.96x10 3 and 2x10 2 cfu/g were the counts in the reconstituted form, respectively. In addition, identification of the isolated Bacillus species was performed and recorded in the previous products. By using PCR, twenty eight strains of the isolated B. cereus were enterotoxigenic.
This study was carried out for monitoring the bacteriological and mycological quality of Kishk. Thirty six random samples of Kishk were collected from different farmer producer and shops in Assiut city and some villages around it. All samples were subjected to microbiological examinations and mycotoxine investigation. Enterococci spp., Aerobic bacteria, Anaerobic bacteria and "Yeasts and molds" were isolated in 61.6, 100, 86.1 and 77.8 % of the examined Kishk samples, respectively, and with average total counts of 6.95 x10 4 , 2.26 x 10 5 , --, and 3.9 x10 4 , respectively. The presence of high contamination in Kishk samples reflects the poor sanitary conditions during the manufacturing stages or post production. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Mucor spp. were detected in 22.2, 16.7 and 8.3 % of the examined Kishk samples, respectively. Aflatoxin M 1 was found in 23.53 % of the samples. The concentration of aflatoxin M 1 in positive samples was 139 -221 ng/Kg (average 149.8 ± 56.5 ng/Kg) by ELISA and 56 -218 ng/Kg (average 135.3 ± 61.5 ng/Kg) by TLC. Kishk samples from Assiut city presented a high incidence of AFM 1 at levels below the limits established by Egyptian regulations. The general human exposure to AFM 1 by the consumption of contaminated kishk is probably non-significant in Egypt. However, the fact that AFM 1 is a potent hepatocarcinogen warrants concern about its occurrence in kishk. A high percentage of positive samples would be considered inappropriate for human consumption, when considering the tolerance limit adopted by the European Community. It could be concluded that, the product quality is variable, with some samples showing noticeably more contamination than others. This is probably a reflection of the standards of hygienic measures applied during production and the quality of raw materials used (fermented milk and crushed dried boiled wheat grains).
Eggs continue to be significant in terms of the world economy and human nutrition and routine non-therapeutic antimicrobial use and overcrowding in animal farming may facilitate the propagation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MR Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in table eggs production. Three hundred and fifty eggs represent 35 samples from balady egg and 35 sample from poultry farm egg (each sample 5 egg) were tested for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. These findings are important for local risk assessments concerning possible human foodborne infections via cross-contamination of eggs. S. aureus was isolated from balady and poultry farm egg shell in percentage of 57.1 and 80 %, also S. aureus could be isolated from the content of balady and poultry farm egg in percentages of 74.4 and 85.8 %, respectively. In addition, S. aureus was identified by the coagulase test and our findings showed that 37.1 and 51.4% of examined samples of balady and poultry farm, respectively were coagulase positive S. aureus. Notably, 34.3% and 48.6% of coagulase positive S. aureus isolates were isolated from balady and poultry farm egg contents, respectively. The results revealed that the incidence of coagulase negative staphylococci on examined balady egg shell and contents were 20 and 40%, respectively. Coagulase negative staphylococci was isolated in a percentage of 10 (28.6%) and 13 )37.1%) from examined poultry farms egg shells and contents. Identification mecA gene carriage, hence MRSA, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that 3 from 10 samples were positive for mecA by using (PCR) in percentage of (30%). Risk of egg borne disease strongly increases because of unhygienic conditions of egg production and improper practices of egg handling, including also storage times and temperatures. If all the necessary precautions are not taken during the poultry production, marketing and processing chains in that case poultry meat and eggs can be contaminated by infectious agents that are harmful to humans.
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