We evaluated the usefulness and accuracy of spiral CT in detection and assessment of post-intubation tracheal stenosis. Fourteen patients with post intubation stenosis underwent evaluation of their airway by spiral CT scan with multiplanar reformatting (MPR) and virtual endoscopy (VE) and conventional rigid bronchoscopy, and telescopy (RB). The following parameters were assessed: involvement of the subglottic larynx, site, number, and degree of the stenosis. The results were compared with the intra-operative findings. The detection rate for tracheal stenotic lesions was 94% by CT and 88% by rigid bronchoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of both CT scan and bronchoscopy in the detection of subglottic stenosis was 100%. The preoperative assessment of the length of stenosis was accurate in 14 (87%) of the 16 stenotic segments detected by CT and in 11 (73%) of the 15 segments detected by bronchoscopy. The length of stenosis as assessed intra-operatively significantly correlated with the data obtained with CT scan (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and RB (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). The grade of stenosis was correctly assessed by bronchoscopy in 13/15 lesions (86%). CT measurements correctly estimated 15/16 (93.75%) lesions and allowed accurate measurements of the stenotic segment as well as the proximal and distal airway segments. Spiral CT scan with MPR and VE may be considered as a substitute to direct endoscopic examination and the additional information on laryngeal function can be easily obtained during flexible nasolaryngoscopic examination of the awake patient. This policy can minimize patient morbidity and spare them an extra anaesthetic for evaluation.

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No abstract

Introduction: Diffusion weighted Imaging "DWI" is a specific modality to produce images of tissues weighted with the local microstructural characteristics of water diffusion. DWI can give information as regards cellularity of breast lesions and it can be used for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions, differentiating surgical scar from recurrence and monitoring therapies in locally advanced breast cancer Aim of the work: To assess the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted imaging as an adjuvant to breast magnetic resonance imaging for detection and differentiation of suspicious breast lesions and correlation with histopathologic findings, available clinical data or follow up. Methods: The studied group included 50 female patients referred for MRI breast for workup of a suspicious clinical, mammographic, or sonographic abnormality. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was added to the routine study. Results of the contrast enhanced bilateral breast MRI and DWI of the 50 patients were all reported and compared with the histo-pathological results of surgery or biopsy and with the results of follow up of lesions that were not surgically removed or biopsied. Results: there was a highly significant relation between DWI and histopathological/ Follow Up results with p value = 0.000. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DWI for characterization of suspicious breast lesions in patients included in the study, were 89.5%, 100%, 100%, and 93.94% respectively. Conclusion: DWI is a short unenhanced scan that can be inserted easily into standard clinical breast MRI protocols as a potential adjunct that can be added routinely to conventional breast MRI, and can accurately differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions with high sensitivity and specificity.

Aim of the Work to assess the role of high resolution ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation and assessment of different abnormalities resulting from knee trauma compared to Magnetic resonance imaging MRI Aim and Patients and Methods 51 patients presenting with knee pain after variable degrees of knee trauma and referred to radiology department will be examined by US and MRI. Results are compared and data analysed. Results US had significant results in medial collateral ligament (MCL), menisci, quadriceps and patellar tendons, joint effusion and parameniscal cysts. Poor US results were obtained in cruciate, lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and bone injuries. Conclusion Ultrasound can be used in the initial assessment of patients after knee trauma. It has comparable results to MRI in tendons, periarticular ligaments, joint effusion and menisci assessment with still some limitations noted in the cruciate ligaments and bone injuries assessment.

The research problem is to measure the extent to which renewable energy (hydroelectric, solar, wind) consumption in Egypt is correlated with a set of economic indicators that include: GDP, average annual per capita income, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. In addition to these indicators, the correlation between consumption of renewable energy and carbon (CO2) emissions will be studied because of its impact on all economic activities.The study period is between 2000 to 2019. The two years 2020 and 2021 are excluded because of the effect of COVID19 on the economy. Pearson' s correlation coefficient is used to quantize the relation between two sets of data. The first set is the consumption values of renewable energy in Egypt. The second set is the values of the economic indicators mentioned before as well as CO2 emission. Given the different nature of the two sets of data in terms of the units used in the measurement, the standard values of the data will be used so that the correlation between them can be studied.The study shows a moderate direct correlation between the consumption of renewable energy on the one hand and the GDP and the average annual per capita income on the other. There is a weak inverse correlation between the consumption of renewable energy and the unemployment rate, and there is a weak direct correlation between the consumption of renewable energy and the inflation rate for the period. Finally, there is a weak inverse correlation between the consumption of renewable energy and the amount of CO2emissions.

Background: Among the most frequent causes of medical attention in the outpatient environment is knee pain or another knee condition. The capacity to guide percutaneous procedures and the fact that ultrasound may be performed anywhere, at any time, for a low price, and with excellent spatial resolution and image quality are all significant advantages of ultrasound. The patient may interact with the US machine in real time, allowing for quick clinical correlation and the opportunity and contrast the affected knee to the unaffected one. Structured assessment of the tendons, ligaments, joint space, osseous structures, peripheral nerves and vasculature, and the knee joint itself is possible by dividing the knee into anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior compartments. Aim of the Work: to assess US's capacity to characterise normal Knee anatomy, to explain US methodologies for thorough examination of the Knee, and to detect US manifestation of frequent pathologic diseases, as well as typical pitfalls/mimics of illness. Patients and Methods: Thirty people experiencing severe knee pain participated in this trial (less than three months duration). The orthopaedic outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals and the ultrasonographic Imaging division of the Department of Radiology at Ain Shams University Hospitals collaborated on this work.Results: Regarding the demographic characteristics in the studied patients, it was found that Patients' ages varied widely, from eighteen to 70. with mean ±SD was 42.75± 13.1 years and median was 43.5 years. 18 (60%) patients were males and 12 (40%) of them were females with male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Regarding meniscal degeneration among the studied group, we found that the posterior horn is one of the most common areas for degenerative meniscus. Posterior horn medial meniscus degeneration was found in more than half (53.3%) cases while bone tenderness was found in 43 (95.6%) cases while the. Posterior horn lateral meniscus degeneration was found in eight (26.7%) cases. Conclusion:Ultrasound can help rule out potential causes of knee pain during the first stages of diagnosis. Joint effusion, tears to the posterior horn medial meniscus and the posterior horn lateral meniscus, bursitis of the anserinus, osteoarthritic alterations, cysts of the popliteal artery and duct, and tendinitis of the patellar tendon were the most common abnormalities detected by ultrasound. To verify our findings and assess US's diagnostic accuracy in knee pathology, more investigations are required with bigger sample sizes and longer followup.