The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ultrasound in early diagnosis of intra-abdominal injury following blunt abdominal trauma and follow up in patients with intraabdominal injury for detecting late complications. Materials and methods: 120 patients who presented to the emergency room were evaluated by Focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) and follow-up sonography was done after 12-24 h. Results: This study found FAST to be 93% sensitive and 99% specific. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is considered the best modality in initial evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma patients as it is noninvasive, readily available, and requires minimal preparation time. Ultrasonography is very useful in follow up of patients with intra-abdominal injury and decreases use of CT which has the disadvantages of being expensive, high dose radiation.

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Background In pediatric patients, having proper size of endotracheal tube (ETT) is crucial. The practice of using age-based formulas to calculate the ETT size is easy, practical and commonly used today. However, the incidence of inappropriate tube size is still judicious, hence increasing risk from changing tube such as trauma and aspiration. Recent studies found that measuring the narrowest transverse subglottic diameter may guide the proper tube size Aim This study was aimed to proof that selecting ETT size using ultrasound measurement of subglottic diameter is a reliable method and lead to less frequency of changing tube size than age-based formula especially in older children Materials and Methods 60 children aged between 2 to 12 years, of both genders, American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II physical status scheduled for day case surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia. Children were divided randomly according to age into three groups: group I included children aged between 2 to < 5 years, group II included children aged between 5 to < 9 years, and group III included children aged between 9 to 12 years. In all childern, the size of the ETT was determined according to both ultrasonography and modified cole's formula. The size of the ETT initially inserted was based on ultrasonographic calculation. Ultrasonography is done using high–resolution linear ultrasound probe. The probe was positioned at the anterior aspect of neck in the midline with the head extended and neck flexed (sniffing position). The minimal transverse diameter of the subglottic airway (MTDSA) was estimated at the level of cricoid cartilage at zero cmH2O airway pressure. After measurement of the subglottic diameter, uncuffed ETT with the nearest outer diameter (OD) corresponding to the measured subglottic diameter was selected for intubation. If there was resistance to ETT passage into the trachea, or there was no audible leak when the lungs were inflated to a pressure of 20–30 cm H2O, the tube was exchanged with one that is 0.5 mm smaller. In contrast, the ETT was exchanged for one that is 0.5 mm larger if leaks occurred at an inflation pressure less than 10 cm H2O. Optimal tube size was clinically determined by leakage at airway pressure of 10-20 cmH2O. Results Linear correlation study showed that Ultrasonography was a better predictor for optimal ETT size in pediatrics than Cole's formula for all studied groups especially in older age groups (although both were significant); being 0.669 Vs. 0.613 among group I; 0.955 Vs. 0.808 among group II and 0.863 Vs. 0.707 among group III. Multi-regression analysis showed that both Ultrasonography & Cole's formula were highly sensitive independent predictors that can predict Optimal ETT size in pediatrics (F-Ratio = 524.7, p < 0.001); The prediction formula is: Optimal ETT size ID = -0.091 + 0.814(ID obtained by US) + 0.192(ID obtained by Cole's formula). Conclusion Ultrasound is a safe, reliable, non-invasive tool for selection of appropriately sized endotracheal tube for clinical use. Our study validates the reliability of ultrasound to measure subglottic diameter which avoids intubation related complications of either trauma or inefficient ventilation.

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relation between the Computed tomography (CT) densities, sizes of otosclerotic foci, and the bone conduction threshold (BC) and air bone gap (ABG) in cases of otosclerosis as well as between the lesions sizes and their CT densities. MATERIALS and METHODS:We included CT examinations of the temporal bones of 25 patients (34 ears, 9 cases were bilateral) with clinical and audiological diagnosis of otosclerosis. We measured the otosclerotic foci in their maximum dimensions as well as their CT densities and correlated them to the BC thresholds and ABG. We also studied the correlation between the sizes of the otosclerotic foci and their CT densities. RESULTS:There were no significant statistical correlations between the lesion size or CT density to either the BC or ABG in any of the CT grades of otosclerosis or any statistical correlation between the CT density and lesion size in any of the grades of otosclerosis. CONCLUSION:CT is essential, in addition to clinical and audiological tests, in confirming the diagnosis of otosclerosis; however, neither the sizes of the lesions nor their CT densities correlate with the hearing deficit. The lesions sizes do not correlate to their CT densities, and there is no statistically significant difference in CT densities of early and extensive grades.

Introduction: Diffusion weighted Imaging "DWI" is a specific modality to produce images of tissues weighted with the local microstructural characteristics of water diffusion. DWI can give information as regards cellularity of breast lesions and it can be used for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions, differentiating surgical scar from recurrence and monitoring therapies in locally advanced breast cancer Aim of the work: To assess the diagnostic value of diffusion weighted imaging as an adjuvant to breast magnetic resonance imaging for detection and differentiation of suspicious breast lesions and correlation with histopathologic findings, available clinical data or follow up. Methods: The studied group included 50 female patients referred for MRI breast for workup of a suspicious clinical, mammographic, or sonographic abnormality. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was added to the routine study. Results of the contrast enhanced bilateral breast MRI and DWI of the 50 patients were all reported and compared with the histo-pathological results of surgery or biopsy and with the results of follow up of lesions that were not surgically removed or biopsied. Results: there was a highly significant relation between DWI and histopathological/ Follow Up results with p value = 0.000. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DWI for characterization of suspicious breast lesions in patients included in the study, were 89.5%, 100%, 100%, and 93.94% respectively. Conclusion: DWI is a short unenhanced scan that can be inserted easily into standard clinical breast MRI protocols as a potential adjunct that can be added routinely to conventional breast MRI, and can accurately differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions with high sensitivity and specificity.

The small bowel has always been considered a difficult structure for evaluation, because of its extensive length, its position in the digestive tract, its tortuosity and over lapping loops Purpose of this work is to study elteht of CT Enterography in the assessment of different small bowel diseases. CT Enterography offers superior small bowel visualization compared to standard Abdomino-pelvic CT and provides complementary diagnostic information to capsule endoscopy and MR Enterography more over it can detect the extraluminal pathology Purpose of this work is to study elt eht of CT Enterography in the assessment of different small bowel diseases. Patients & methods the study was performed over 43 patients. Complaining from abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, loss of weight and recurrent vomiting .all patient had full clinical assessment and laboratory investigations. Results were compared to the upper and lower GIT endoscopies as well as laboratory and histopathology results. Results the most frequent finding were inflammatory bowel disease with95% sensitivity, neoplastic with sensitivity 92%, malabsorption 83.4% sensitivity and vascular diseases Conclusion CT Entrography is a safe well tolerated imaging technique that represents simple and effective method in assessment of different small bowel diseases as it is sensitive to early intestinal wall changes and evaluating the associated mesenteric and extra intestinal alterations as well

Aim of the Work to assess the role of high resolution ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation and assessment of different abnormalities resulting from knee trauma compared to Magnetic resonance imaging MRI Aim and Patients and Methods 51 patients presenting with knee pain after variable degrees of knee trauma and referred to radiology department will be examined by US and MRI. Results are compared and data analysed. Results US had significant results in medial collateral ligament (MCL), menisci, quadriceps and patellar tendons, joint effusion and parameniscal cysts. Poor US results were obtained in cruciate, lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and bone injuries. Conclusion Ultrasound can be used in the initial assessment of patients after knee trauma. It has comparable results to MRI in tendons, periarticular ligaments, joint effusion and menisci assessment with still some limitations noted in the cruciate ligaments and bone injuries assessment.