The goal of the present study was to investigate whether generativity and wisdom played a mediating role in the relationships between gerotranscendence and humor styles among people in late adulthood. The study included 399 participants aged 60–85 years. The following measures were used: Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2), Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), and the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). The analyses revealed that generativity and wisdom, taken together, were mediators in the relationship between gerotranscendence and the four styles of humor in late adulthood. The results of the survey show that gerotranscendence is a factor that protects individuals against the use of aggressive humor, at the same time predisposing them to using humor that expresses self-acceptance and strengthens interpersonal relations. An interesting result was obtained for self-defeating humor. It was shown that gerotranscendence, by increasing generativity and wisdom, increases the tendency to poke fun at oneself and to talk about one’s own weaknesses or mistakes. This tendency, as suggested by the specific character of the relationships observed, does not have to be non-adaptive. Our results demonstrate that the processes related to the shaping of humor among people in late adulthood have a unique nature.
IntroductionThis article focuses on the relationship between parental attitudes of the father perceived by adolescents and their school achievements. Nowadays, interest in the role of the father in raising a child is growing. The influence of the students’ family environment in shaping their school achievement is very important.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 687 pupils, including 418 (60.8%) girls and 267 (39.2%) boys. Fathers’ attitudes were examined with the Parental Attitudes Scale version of “My Father”. In order to establish the relationship between the father’s parental attitudes perceived by teenagers and grade point average (GPA), Pearson’s r correlation coefficient values were calculated. In the next step the role of gender as a moderator of these relationships was evaluated.ResultsThe results of the conducted research show that the acceptance and autonomy attitudes positively correlate with the average grade from last year, while the requirements and inconsistency attitudes showed negative correlations with school achievements. The results indicated that gender moderated the relationship between perceived acceptance, autonomy, protectiveness and GPA.ConclusionsIt was found that an increase in the level of the father’s perceived acceptance and autonomy leads to a higher average grade than the previous year, although only among girls. The level of protectiveness was found to be a negative predictor of school achievements, although only among boys.
Introduction:The dynamics of the changes currently taking place in the banking sector and the very nature of work in a bank make the level of stress experienced by employees a risk factor for burnout, especially in persons temperamentally predisposed to using less adaptive ways of coping. Aim of the research:To establish if coping styles mediated between temperamental traits and occupational burnout in bank employees. Material and methods:The study included 91 bank employees, who completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), the Formal Characteristics of Behavior -Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In data analysis the authors used a multiple mediation model, which allowed for testing individual coping styles as sequential mediator variables. Results: It was found that task-oriented and emotion-oriented styles were mediators between five temperamental traits and the overall level of occupational burnout; briskness and endurance predisposed subjects to the use of task-oriented coping strategies, reducing the level of burnout; activity reduced the tendency to focus on negative emotional states, as opposed to perseverance and emotional reactivity, which promoted the tendency to confront anxiety or frustration and exposed employees to burnout. Conclusions: To the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to investigate the mediating role of coping styles between temperamental traits and occupational burnout in employees of the banking sector. Although these findings do not exhaust the issues discussed, they are a point of departure for further research into risk and protective factors for the experience of burnout in bank employees. StreszczenieWprowadzenie: Dynamika zmian dokonujących się aktualnie w sektorze bankowym oraz sam charakter pracy w banku powodują, że poziom stresu odczuwanego przez pracowników stanowi ryzyko rozwoju wypalenia zawodowego, szczególnie u osób temperamentalnie predysponowanych do stosowania mniej adaptacyjnych sposobów radzenia sobie. Cel pracy: Celem zaprezentowanych w artykule badań jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy style radzenia sobie ze stresem pośredniczą w relacji cech temperamentu i wypalenia zawodowego pracowników banków. Materiał i metody: Przebadano 91 pracowników bankowych, posługując się Kwestionariuszem radzenia sobie w sytuacjach stresowych (CISS), Formalną charakterystyką zachowania -kwestionariuszem temperamentu (FCZ-KT) oraz Kwestionariuszem wypalenia zawodowego Maslach (MBI). W analizie zebranych danych zastosowano model wielokrotnej mediacji (multiple mediation model), który pozwolił na testowanie poszczególnych stylów radzenia sobie w postaci sekwencyjnych zmiennych pośredniczących. Wyniki: Stwierdzono, że styl skoncentrowany na zadaniu oraz styl skoncentrowany na emocjach pośredniczą w relacji między pięcioma cechami temperamentalnymi a ogólnym nasileniem wypalenia zawodowego: żwawość i wytrzymałość predysponują do stosowania zadaniowych strategii radzenia sobie, obniżając nasilenie wypalenia zawodow...
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