Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh kecepatan rotasi pada mesin pengayak untuk kapasitas produksi ayakan partikel arang bambu. Mekanisme pengayakan sedang dikembangkan. Ayakan menggunakan 100 dan 200 mesh dengan kecepatan rotasi digunakan 120 rpm, 150 rpm dan 180 rpm selama 15 menit untuk mengayak 50 gr partikel arang bambu. Dalam penelitian ini, proses pengayakan dapat menghasilkan kapasitas produksi ayakan partikel arang bambu 18,78 gr pada 200 mesh dengan kecepatan rotasi 180 rpm.
Polypropylene merupakan salah satu bahan plastik yang umum digunakan pada kemasan makanan dan peralatan rumah tangga karena sifat materialnya yang padat dan keras. Produk berbahan plastik memiliki dampak yang buruk terhadap lingkungan dalam pemakaian. Penggunaan plastik yang meningkat dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif, seperti pencemaran lingkungan dan sampah plastik, yang membutuhkan waktu yang panjang untuk bisa hancur dan terurai. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian tentang penggunaan bahan daur ulang dalam pembuatan produk plastik polypropylene dengan suhu injeksi yang bervariasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana perbedaan temperatur injeksi memengaruhi sifat mekanik dan fraktografi bahan polypropylene daur ulang.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat spesimen multipurpose yang sama dengan ISO 294-1:2012 dengan material polypropylene daur ulang 2 kali dan proses fabrikasi mesin injection molding dengan kapasitas pencekaman 70 ton dengan material polypropylene daur ulang 2 kali. Pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan uji tarik dengan ISO 527–1 dan uji impak dengan metode Charpy ISO 179. Uji impak patahan dianalisis dengan mikroskop optik digital untuk mengetahui fraktografi patahan spesimen.Hasil dari penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai kuat tarik maksimal pada temperatur injeksi 190℃ sebesar 33,2 MPa, nilai kuat tarik terakhir pada temperatur injeksi 220℃ sebesar 32,7 MPa dan nilai kuat tarik terakhir pada temperatur injeksi 250℃ sebesar 33,1 MPa. Nilai maksimal uji impak pada temperatur injeksi 190°C sebesar 3,04 KJ/m2, nilai kuat impak pada temperatur injeksi 220°C sebesar 2,72 KJ/m2 dan nilai kuat impak pada temperatur injeksi 250°C sebesar 1,77 KJ/m2. Hasil pengamatan mikroskop optik digital menunjukkan bahwa fraktografi pada spesimen PP daur ulang variasi temperatur injeksi 190°C, 220°C, dan 250°C tidak terlalu berbeda ada void (berongga) di setiap spesimen hasil patahan uji impak. Void (berongga) pada spesimen dapat menurunkan nilai mekanisnya didukung dari hasil uji mekanis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur dan penggunaan material yang semakin banyak di daur ulang maka akan menurun kualitas dari material tersebut.
It is important to examine the long-term durability of glass-kenaf fibre reinforced phenolic resin composites when they are exposed to humid environments or submerged in water. Furthermore, the durability of such composites when immersed in different pH solutions have yet to be examined. As such, this present study examined the use of 4%, 8%, and 12% volume fractions (vfs) of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a filler and reinforcement to improve the properties of glass fibre-kenaf reinforced phenolic resin composites. The flexural strength of these composites was examined both pre- and post-immersion in distilled water (pH 7), seawater (pH 8), and an acidic solution (pH 3) for 60 days. The diffusion mechanism, difussion coefficient, and water absorption concentration were also examined. The difussion coefficient and water absorption concentration occurred post-immersion in distilled water (pH7) and seawater (pH8) while the acidic solution (pH3) resulted in the highest loss of mass and size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the surfaces of the saturated composites indicated that fibre-matrix interfacial bonding was weak. However, composites that contained a higher vf of MCC exhibited stronger interfacial bonding between the matrix and constituents, thereby, reducing water absorption and diffusion. The flexural strength of the composite pre- and post-immersion was MCC12 > MCC8 > MCC4 > MCC0, in descending order of strength.
In this paper, waste glass powder (GP) is selected as a sustainable abrasive to replace pure silica minerals. XRF analysis to determine the content of glass waste. Composite specimens have volume fraction ratios of 0%, 2%, and 4% GP evaluated with TGA, Pin on Disc friction test, and Hardness Rockwell type R. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) observe the formation of abrasion and surface wear of the specimen. The results of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) glass powder waste obtained that the main content of silicon dioxide (SiO2) was 65.58%. Thermogravimetry (TG) showed that the thermal resistance of the composite from the addition of glass powder increased. Glass powder as an abrasive shown that increase the coefficient of friction brake friction materials. The presence of glass powder increases the hardness of the composite, and the coefficient of wear rate of the composite decreases.
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is one of the good and environmentally friendly natural rigid fillers used in polymer matrix composites to improve mechanical properties. However, the reliability of this MCC composite cannot be ensured in a humid environment or submerged in water with different pH. This study investigated the addition of MCC filler to the absorption of distilled water (pH 7), seawater (pH8), and acid solution (pH 3), flexural strength, and flexural modulus of kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. Soaking the composite for 60 days in distilled water and seawater showed an increase in the concentration of water absorption. Water absorption by the kenaf fibers causes the fibers to swell and provides an expansion to the matrix resulting in crack propagation and the growth of new cracks in the matrix. The behavior of the composite in an acidic solution shows a mass loss, and the matrix erodes on the surface and inside the material. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composite decreased at all immersions. The addition of MCC as a reinforcing filler for thermoset composites increases the interfacial interaction between the matrix and the kenaf/glass fiber. The improved mechanical properties of MCC-filled composites in different pH environments create opportunities and reliability for use in different engineering applications.
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