The importance of financial system stability is best demonstrated by the recent global financial crisis. The slump in the financial markets and institutional disturbances have threatened seriously the financial systems around the world and questioned their role in mediating the exchange of capital surplus and their targeting to deficit entities. Many financial institutions have found themselves on the verge of collapse, and countries around the world have launched expansionary measures and invested huge resources in rescuing their markets. As financial and banking crises always cause fiscal pressure, the importance of upgrading the financial system through preventive measures that will preserve public confidence in its security and protect the economy from major losses is surely in the interest of governments worldwide. The goal of these measures, referred to as the financial system security grids, is to create controlled conditions for less informed market participants and protect them from loss. Deposit insurance systems have been recognized as one of the key elements of the financial system preventive security grids. The most important goal of the organized deposit insurance system is to protect the assets of so-called “small savers” or consumers unable to independently assess the risk of the institution in which they relocate their surplus funds. The aim of this paper is to explain the role of an organized deposit insurance system with special attention to the system in the Republic of Croatia.
Bankovni sustavi zemalja koje su Europskoj uniji pristupile nakon 2004. g., u najvećoj su mjeri u vlasništvu bankovnih grupacija iz starih članica Unije. Važnost bankovnih sustava za gospodarski rast tih zemalja značajnija je nego u starim članicama iz razloga visoke ovisnosti gospodarstava o bankovnim izvorima financiranja. Stoga bi konvergencija prema sustavima razvijenijih članica Unije bila od velikog interesa za daljnji gospodarski razvoj ove skupine zemalja. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati aktualne pozicije bankovnih sustava europskih zemalja, s posebnim osvrtom na poziciju Hrvatske. Metodologija rada bazira se na usporedbi BDP-a po glavi stanovnika sa odabranim pokazateljima veličine, rasta, depozitne osnovice i kapitaliziranosti bankovnog sektora. Korištenjem indikatora razvijenosti financijskog sustava, i u ovisnosti o periodu pristupanju europodručju, analizira se položaj bankovnih sustava zemalja unutar europodručja, i onih izvan. Rezultati ukazuju da bankovni sustavi zemalja koje su Europskoj uniji pristupile nakon 2004. g. i dalje zaostaju za starim članicama, te da je konvergencija još daleko, posebno u skupini zemalja izvan europodručja. Među novim članicama europodručja po svim indikatorima prednjače Malta i Cipar, te Estonija, dok u skupini zemalja izvan europodručja, uz Švedsku i Dansku, najbolje rezultate ostvaruju Hrvatska i Češka. Rezultati ukazuju da su nove članice unije, a posebno one koje nisu dio europodručja, i dalje ovisnije o depozitima nebankovnog sektora kao primarnom izvoru financiranja kreditne aktivnosti, što ukazuje na dominantan položaj banaka u financijskim sustavima ovih zemalja.
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