This article aims to analyse significant differences in four constructs: occupational stress, job satisfaction, work engagement, and work productivity among employees before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the paper is to develop a multidimensional model with these four constructs and analyse the differences in the strength of their effects on the model across two intersectional times: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was implemented on a sample of 885 employees in Slovenian organisations. During COVID-19, Slovenia had one of the strictest lockdowns. Based on the research, we can confirm significant differences in the four analysed constructs among employees before COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Based on the results, we can confirm that occupational stress had a more negative effect on job satisfaction and work engagement during COVID-19 than before prior to it. Our research and conclusions highlight the measures with which organisations can reduce the problem of occupational stress and with which organisations can increase job satisfaction, work engagement and work productivity among employees during COVID-19. Based on this, organisations may be able to build a more supportive work environment during, and after, COVID-19.
This paper analyzes financial markets in four developing countries (Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia) using daily returns of their respective stock market indices from January 1, 2006 till December 31, 2016, timeframe which was rarely analyzed. Analysis was conducted by various statistical tests, more precisely serial correlation test, runs test, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, unit root test, variance ratio test and test of January effect. Results suggest that all analyzed indices, except BelexLine (Serbia), confirm weak form of efficient market hypothesis, while the results on the index BelexLine are mixed and it can be concluded that it does not follow weak form of efficient market hypothesis. Given these results, it can be said that not only passive approach to portfolio management is more appropriate on all indices, except BelexLine, but also additional test and more complex models are necessary in order to confirm this conclusion.
We tested the economic activity and stock exchange of Croatia as a new country of European Union (EU) in order to investigate the 'Black Swan effect' from 2000 to 2013. The empirical findings obtained in application of OLS methodology and Chow breaking point test provide evidence and show that resignation of the Croatian ex-Prime Minister did lead country successfully to EU. Also, 'The Black Swan' event, being unpredictable and having huge impact on political and economic environment in Croatia obtained through CROBEX, had effect on Croatian stock exchange indices. Authors conclude that, the resignation was connected to one of the first significant cases of corruption in Croatia which had a negative impact on the economic development of the country in general, dealing at the same time with global recession. E44, F36, F43, F47, G15 JEL-Classification:
Sažetak: Društveno odgovorno poslovanje (eng. Social Responsible Marketing) je suvremena poslovna praksa koju primjenjuje sve veći broj poduzeća kako u svijetu tako i u Hrvatskoj. Učinkovitu primjenu ovakve poslovne prakse osigurava dobra i etički prihvatljiva komunikacija sa svim interesnoutjecajnim skupinama pri čemu je značajna uloga marketinga kao komunikacijskog kanala. Postoji širok izbor između alternativa prema kojima poduzeća mogu poslovati društveno odgovorno, a svaka od tih alternativa nudi brojne koristi za sve uključene strane. U posljednjih nekoliko godina "društvena osjetljivost" sve više dolazi do izražaja, a upravo to je pogodovalo pojavi i sve većoj primjeni marketinga opće dobrobiti (eng. Cause Related Marketing-CRM). Marketing opće dobrobiti se smatra "win-win" situacijom prema kojoj sve uključene strane (poduzeće, neprofitna organizacija i potrošači), imaju koristi. Unatoč brojnim prednostima ne smiju se zanemariti niti potencijalni problemi koji se mogu javiti prilikom primjene marketinga opće dobrobiti.Ključne riječi: društveno odgovorno poslovanje,marketinške strategije, marketing opće dobrobiti 1 Uvod Sredina 20.-og stoljeća označila je početak primjene društveno odgovorne poslovne prakse koju poduzeća uključuju u svoje poslovne i marketinške aktivnosti kako bi diferencirali svoju ponudu od ponude brojnih konkurenata. Također, pojava gospodarstva koje se ravna prema potrošaču značajno utječe na razvoj društvene odgovornosti poduzeća. Potrošači u današnje vrijeme mogu birati između široke palete proizvoda različite kvalitete i cijene, ali cijena više nije presudan element koji ih potiče na kupnju. Sve je više onih potrošača koji teže većoj vrijednosti ne samo individualnoj, već i za cijelu društvenu zajednicu. Povećana društvena osjetljivost zajednice pred poduzeća i organizacije postavlja brojne izazove prema kojima poduzeća moraju poslovati uspješno, a da se pritom obrati pozornost na dobrobit zajednice te da se sve štetne i negativne aktivnosti svedu na minimum. Jedan od brojnih načina na koje se to može ostvariti je primjena koncepta marketinga opće dobrobiti. Ono se najčešće
We tested the hypothesis of pro-cyclicality of the stock exchanges indices regarding economic activity of south-eastern European countries (SEE) in the Two-Stage Least Squares (TSLS) model in order to demonstrate the degree and pace of integration of 'new' financial markets into larger ones (EU). Rising stock prices in the SEE countries may be the sign of economic growth in the region in the light of the financial integration process. Results of panel estimates support the hypothesis of pro-cyclicality in the period of transition of the SEE region and financial integration, due to the opening of the market economy and re-pricing of systematic risk followed by large capital inflows, GDP growth, trade liberalisation and increased industrial production as well as the implementation of reforms regarding EU integration. Also significant is the negative coefficient of government debt in the SEE group results could be interpreted as a 'contagion effect' of the recent global financial crisis that spread beyond national borders.
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