Philosophical values are used as role models for the community in regulating behavior in Rejang's life. For the Rejang tribe, customary law is a guide in regulating their behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore philosophical values in terms of analytic philosophy of language. The method is qualitative method by exploring and describing the philosophical values of Rejang customary law. Data were collected using listening technique, free to engage in conversation, notes taking, and recording. Data processing include data provision, analysis phase, and data display. The results show that Rejang customary law has philosophical values that are useful in regulating life. These values are (a) problems solving, through pecoak bekaping 'kalau pecah, pasang kaping'. (b) The value of responsibility, expressed in tangent menetok, baeu mbusung 'tangan memotong, bahu membusung'. (c) personality, which is stated jibeak mbin sifet lalang bidin dalen 'jangan ambil sifat ilalang di jalan'.
A Cross-cultural communication occurs in multicultural and multilingual societies. Selatpanjang is a multicultural and multilingual city with "native" ethnic Malays, Chinese, and Akit people. This research aims to describe the implementation of partnership principles in cross-cultural communication amongst Malay, Akit, and Chinese ethnics in Selatpanjang. This study uses a descriptive method. Data were collected through observations and interviews. The steps taken in analyzing the data are data reduction, data categorization, data synthesis, and formulation of research findings. The research findings revealed that the implementation of partnership principles in cross-cultural communication amongst Malay, Akit, and Chinese ethnics is as follows: 14.2% of respondents from the Malays implementing the partnership principles belong to the "very good" category. In addition, 43.2% of them belong to the "good" category. 42.5% of them belong to the "fairly good" category. None of them fall into the "poor" category; 58.7% of respondents thought the Akit ethnic group fell into the "very good" category, 31.2% fell into the "good" category, 10% fell into the "fairly good" category, and none fell into the "poor" category. Regarding Chinese ethnics, 38% of them belong to the "very good" category, 22.7% belong to the "good" category, 18.25% belong to the "fairly good" category, and none belong to the "poor" category. In addition, the findings revealed that the implementation of partnership principles cannot be separated from the language characteristics of each ethnic group. Akit people tend to convey the right amount of message and the right information, focus on the topic of conversation, and speak concisely "according to" their rigid, closed, and flat character. Ethnic Malays commit several violations of the maxim of the partnership principle, influenced by their humorous, adaptable, and self-limiting character. Chinese tend to be serious and focused, but they speak longer to convince interlocutors.
Fenomena bahasa daerah terancam punah terjadi pada berbagai bahasa daerah di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Gejala-gejala yang menyebabkan penurunan jumlah penutur suatu bahasa tersebut ditengarai terjadi juga pada bahasa Oirata di Desa Oirata Barat dan Oirata Timur, Kecamatan Pulau-Pulau Terselatan, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya, Provinsi Maluku. Hampir semua masyarakat Oirata sudah tidak lagi menggunakan bahasa Oirata, baik di lingkungan sekolah, pertemuan-pertemuan bahkan ketika mereka berkomunikasi. Bahasa Oirata saat ini diduga hanya dituturkan oleh generasi yang berusia 30 tahun ke atas, sedangkan anak-anak mereka sudah berbahasa Melayu atau bahasa Indonesia. Kondisi ini sangat memungkinkan menjadikan bahasa Oirata menjadi bahasa yang terancam punah. Tujuan kajian ini mendeskripsikan vitalitas bahasa Oirata di Maluku. Metode kajian menggunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu studi pustaka, pengamatan, dan wawancara (terstruktur) dengan mengajukan pertanyaan berdasarkan kuesioner yang telah dipersiapkan. Hasil analisis kajian ini dibagi menjadi 10 indikator bahwa vitalitas bahasa Oirata berdasarkan jumlah penutur (kategori stabil tetapi perlu dirawat), kontak bahasa (mengalami kemunduran), bilingualitas (stabil tetapi perlu dirawat), dominan masyarakat penutur (stabil tetapi perlu dirawat), ranah penggunaan bahasa (terancam), sikap bahasa (aman), regulasi (stabil tetapi perlu dirawat), pembelajaran bahasa Melayu (mengalami kemunduran), dokumentasi bahasa (mengalami kemunduran), dan tantangan baru (terancam). Secara keseluruhan, total indeks yang diperoleh dari jumlah masing-masing indeks komulatif per indikator memiliki skor 0,57 pada posisi kategori mengalami kemunduran.
This study aims to see how national identity is at the Indonesia-Malaysia border. This field study was conducted in the villages of Sebunga and Temajuk in Indonesia, which are directly adjacent to the village of Telok Melano in Malaysia. In terms of language, the two communities use or at least can speak the same language, namely, Iban/Bidayuh Malay. It turns out that the different functions as an identity; so, they can choose to be Indonesian or Malaysian. This study strengthens the conclusion that the true state boundary is still just an imagination. An imagination controlled by language and pragmatic choice. The results show that the boundary between Indonesia and Malaysia in this region has been clearly defined. Physically, there are boundary markers and cross-border posts guarded by the Border Security Army (Pamtas). In addition, residential areas are also separated. However, in reality, in some ways, the limit is a pseudo.
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