Objective: To review literature published in the last 5 years on the effects of premature birth on the development and quality of life of preschool-and school-age children.Source: Systematic review of empirical studies published in the last 5 years and indexed on PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and PsycINFO. Keywords were chosen that relate prematurity to developmental and quality of life outcomes. Summary of the findings:In the studies chosen, four global indicators of development were identified (neurological, neurodevelopment, executive functions and quality of life), in addition to seven specific indicators of development (cognition, motor function, behavior, language, academic performance, attention and memory). The most prevalent indicators were cognition and motor function. Premature children had worse performance in all developmental indicators than children born full term. Additionally, the younger the gestational age, the worse the performance in developmental indicator assessments. The studies identified both risk factors (lower birth weight, intraventricular hemorrhage and low maternal educational level) and protective factors (larger head circumference, breastfeeding and higher family income) for development of children born preterm. Conclusion ResumoObjetivo: Revisar a literatura publicada nos últimos 5 anos sobre o efeito do nascimento prematuro no desenvolvimento e qualidade de vida de crianças nas fases pré-escolar e escolar. Fonte dos dados:Revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos dos últimos 5 anos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e PsycINFO. Utilizaram-se palavras-chave que associaram a prematuridade aos desfechos de desenvolvimento e qualidade de vida. Síntese dos dados:Nos estudos, foram identificados quatro indicadores globais do desenvolvimento (neurológico, neurodesenvolvimento, funções executivas e qualidade de vida) e sete indicadores específicos do desenvolvimento (cognição, motor, comportamento, linguagem, desempenho escolar, atenção e memória). Os indicadores mais prevalentes foram cognição e motor. Os prematuros apresentaram pior desempenho em todos os indicadores de desenvolvimento quando comparados às crianças nascidas a termo. Além disso, quanto menor a idade gestacional, pior o desempenho nas avaliações dos indicadores de desenvolvimento. Verificou-se a presença de fatores de risco (menor peso ao nascer, hemorragia intraventricular e baixo nível educacional da mãe) e fatores de proteção (maior perímetro cefálico, aleitamento materno e maior renda familiar) do desenvolvimento de crianças nascidas pré-termo. Conclusão:Crianças nascidas com prematuridade extrema (≤ 30 semanas de idade gestacional) são vulneráveis para apresentar problemas no desenvolvimento e na qualidade de vida.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(4):281-291: Desenvolvimento infantil, qualidade de vida, prematuro.

Agreement between parents and children about QoL in preterm individuals was lower in younger age groups compared with older age groups. The differences in QoL throughout the different age groups may have arisen because of developmental changes or differences in the source of information used (i.e., parent report or self-report). We recommend that QoL assessments in children born preterm should consider both parent report and self-report.

ABSTRACT:Objective: to evaluate the clarity and objectivity of a guide with detailed explanations and illustrations about the neurodevelopment of children 0-6 years through the analysis of day care teachers, physical therapists and caregivers. Methods: 23 subjects participated in the study, of which seven were caregivers, seven were teachers and nine were physical therapists. The "Guide of guidelines for the development of children 0-6 years" was prepared by the researchers and subsequently averaged by participants through a questionnaire. Results: The vast majority of survey participants classified the guide as good or excellent (96%). All agreed on the language used in the guide as good or excellent and stated that the application of this material favors the stimulation of children's development. Conclusion: The guide proved to be a practical and cost-effective measure that can aid in stimulating child development.

Introduction: Preterm infants are vulnerable to developmental delays. Detecting problems at an early age is one of the challenges of professionals and researchers in the area. Objective: To analyse the motor development and to identify the risk factors associated with predictors of overall and motor delay in preterm newborns. Methods: Eighty preterm infants (50% female; mean gestational age = 33 ± 2.2 weeks) with low birth weight (average of 1,715 ± 437 g) were evaluated using the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) during the neonatal phase (prior to term age), the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) between 2 and 8 months, the Test of Infant Motor Performance between 2 and 4 months regarding motor development and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale between 4 and 8 months. Results: Neurobehavioural delay was noted in 24% of the infants in the neonatal phase. Between 2 and 8 months, the delay in overall development was ≥ 31% and the delay in motor development was 35-36 %. Decreased levels of alertness, orientation, motor development and vigour according to the NAPI were shown to be predictive of a delay in development between 4 and 6 months of age. The delay in overall development between 2 and 6 months was predictive of a delay in motor development between 6 and 8 months. Conclusion: Neurobehavioural variables, hospital stay and overall delay are good predictors of motor development during the first year of age. Suggested citation: Formiga CKMR, Vieira MEB, Fagundes RR, Linhares MBM. Predictive models of early motor development in preterm infants: a longitudinal-prospective study. Keywords

RESUMO:O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as variáveis socioeconômicas e psicossociais de crianças que frequentam creches públicas e avaliar a influência destes fatores no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Realizou-se um estudo analítico-observacional transversal com 61 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade de quatro a seis anos, frequentadoras das creches públicas na cidade de Goiânia (GO). O desenvolvimento infantil foi avaliado pelo teste de triagem de Denver II e foi aplicado questionário socioeconômico, classificação ABEP e questionários sobre os dados biológicos e clínicos da criança com os pais. Verificou-se que 77% das crianças avaliadas apresentaram risco na classificação global do teste de Denver II, sendo típicas nas áreas psicossocial, motor fino, motor amplo e linguagem. A análise da influência dos fatores revelou que a renda familiar (até R$2.000,00) esteve associada com maior porcentagem de risco no desenvolvimento da linguagem (64%). Os demais fatores não tiveram diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclui-se que crianças aparentemente normais possam apresentar risco em seu desenvolvimento e a necessidade de novos estudos que apontem a influência significativa dos fatores socioeconômicos e psicossociais sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Desenvolvimento infantil. Pré-escolares. Creches. Fatores socioeconômicos. THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS IN NEURO-PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF KINDERGARTEN CHILDRENABSTRACT: Socio-economic and psycho-social variables of children in government-run kindergartens are characterized and the influence of such factors on neuro-psychomotor development evaluated. A transversal analytic-observational study was undertaken with 61 children, males and females, aged 4 -6 years, in kindergartens in Goiânia GO Brazil. Child development was assessed by Denver Selection Test II and a socio-economic questionnaire, ADEP classification and questionnaires on the children´s biological and clinical data were undertaken. Seventy-seven percent of children rank risk mark in global classification of Denver Test II, typically within the psychosocial area, fine motor, wide motor and language. Analysis for factor influence revealed that family income (up to R$ 2000) was associated with greater risk percentage in language development (64%). There was no statistical difference for the other factors. Although results revealed that apparently normal children showed development risk, further studies are required to weigh the significant influence of socio-economic and psycho-social factors on neuro-psychomotor development.

Objective: To compare the global and motor development of infants born preterm, regarding the performance in the chronological age and corrected age for prematurity. Methods: This is a crosssectional study. The sample was comprised of 182 preterm infants (< 37 weeks of gestational age) and low birth weight (< 2,500 grams) belonging to the following age groups: 2-4 months (n = 182), 4-6 months (n = 146), and 6-8 months (n = 112). The global development was assessed through the Denver-II test in the three age groups, and the motor development was assessed through the Test of Infant Motor Performance in 2-4 months group and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale in 4-6 and 6-8 months group. The infants' performance classifications in the chronological and corrected ages were compared through the McNemar's test. Results: The global and motor development was delayed in 75% to 91% of the infants, regarding the chronological age in all three age groups. Otherwise, concerning the corrected age for prematurity, the delayed performance was detected in 33% to 51% of the infants in all three age groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The development assessments taking on the chronological age could overestimate risks and problems in the first year of age.

This prospective longitudinal study examined prediction models of quality of life (QoL) in preterm-born individuals at preschool age by considering predictors factors from the neonatal phase (clinical, socioeconomic, and neurobehavioral variables), the first year (developmental variables), and preschool age (clinical, socioeconomic, developmental, and functional variables). The neurobehavioral performance of 24 lowrisk preterm-born children was evaluated before reaching term. Psychomotor development was evaluated during their first year. At 5 years, preschoolers' functionality was assessed and the Child Health Questionnaire-50 Parent Form was used to assess child's QoL from the perspective of their parents. Children displayed deficits in 7 of 15 domains of the QoL measure. Prediction models indicated that the children's lower QoL values were associated with the following risk factors: sexually transmitted disease in the mother during gestation, male gender, lengthy hospitalization period after birth, use of corticotherapy, poor alertness and orientation in the neonatal phase, risk in motor development at 4 -6 months, respiratory disease, use of medications, history of severe accidents, risk in personal-social behavior, poor social function at preschool age, and low socioeconomic status. In conclusion, the QoL in low-risk preterm children at preschool age could be affected by clinical and developmental risk factors. Thus, the multiple risk factors should be examined in preventive follow-up programs of premature infants.

Anxiety, depression and sleep quality in mediate postoperative oncologic surgery