Chronic intracerebral haematoma is a rare entity. The natural history of this condition is unclear and its diagnosis is difficult. Two cases of chronic intracerebral haematoma from different sources are reported. We discuss the controversies about its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, CT diagnosis and treatment.
In the petroleum refining industry, the oil hydrotreater produces low-sulfur feed for the downstream units. An oil and hydrogen mixture is delivered by a piping system to the hydrotreater furnace. Uneven splitting and/or phase separations of the original stream can cause uneven heating as well as high furnace tube metal temperature, which can lead to shorten tube life and potentially tube rupture. In order to achieve better understanding of the current design, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) had been used to determine the two-phase flow regime throughout the piping system and report the degree to which each flow split is uneven. In this study, a three dimensional multiphase CFD model of a hydrotreater furnace had been developed. The CFD model provides detailed velocity distribution and flow patterns together with the oil concentration and pressure drops at different location of the entire piping system. The degree of uneven splitting to all the outlets had also been evaluated quantitatively. The simulation results provide thorough understanding of the operating performance, while the parametric studies offer insight into the optimization of the current piping design.
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