Transitioning Refineries from Sweet to Extra Heavy Oil

Gonzalez, Martin R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_31

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the case of oilsands bitumen, it is also true. Of relevance to refinery processing is that oilsands bitumen may form tight emulsions with water, making desalting and mineral matter removal less efficient , but not necessarily.…”

Section: Oil Characteristics and Their Refining Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In crude oils, but also bio-oil, coal oil, and waste oil, Fe can also be an important metal contaminant, with several other elements present at μg/g or lower levels. The impact of iron-rich deposits and other metal and mineral deposits on the pressure drop in hydroprocessing equipment can be quite severe and limit on-stream availability. , …”

Section: Oil Characteristics and Their Refining Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonzalez gave an overview that touched on several of the operational challenges faced by a refinery when processing an increased amount of heavy crude oil.…”

Section: Petroleum Refinery Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such a discussion, more specific information is required about the design and standard operation of the petroleum refinery and individual refinery units. An example of such an impact is the nitrogen content of the oil feed, which may affect conversion units such as hydrotreaters and catalytic crackers. ,, These impacts are real, and they can lead to capacity constraints. However, the relationship between the feed properties and the outcome depends on detailed analysis of unit operation and performance that cannot be generalized.…”

Section: Petroleum Refinery Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first constraint that may be encountered when processing higher sulfur crude oils is that the hydrotreater units responsible for meeting the sulfur content specifications in the final fuels may not have sufficient activity to remove sulfur to the required level. The situation can be exacerbated if more of the sulfur is present in hindered thiophenic species, which makes distillate hydrotreating particularly challenging, or when the feed also has a higher nitrogen content that could cause catalyst inhibition and fouling. ,, Since it is imperative that the final fuel specifications be met, kinetic constraints in hydrotreaters may necessitate operating at lower capacity or may even disqualify the use of the high sulfur oil.…”

Section: Petroleum Refinery Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing Unconventional Oil: Partial Upgrading of Oilsands Bitumen

Klerk

2021

Energy Fuels

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Unconventional oil, irrespective of whether it is a bio-oil, coal oil, petroleum oil, or waste oil, is an oil that is too viscous to effectively transport in its native state. Processing of unconventional oil to enable transport is imperative to get the oil to its primary market, namely, petroleum refineries. What is the most profitable amount of processing to meet the technical requirements for transport and marketability of the oil product? The impact of oil composition on petroleum refining is discussed in terms of refinery constraints and petroleum economics. The constraints explored are distillation, sulfur treatment capacity, hydrogen availability, and crack spread. Using oilsand-derived bitumen as a case study, three different approaches to deliver unconventional oil to the market are presented: dilution without any upgrading, full upgrading by the combination of cracking and hydroprocessing, and partial upgrading without the use of hydrogen. The concept of partial upgrading assumes that there is an economical optimum amount of processing between the two extremes of dilution and full upgrading. Potential partial upgrading processes that are reviewed are limited to the categories of visbreaking, coking, solvent deasphalting, and olefin treating without hydrogen. Comparative material balances, oil properties, capital costs, and utility requirements are presented and discussed in the context of partial upgrading. The study concludes that there is a limited prospect for single-step partial upgrading processes to produce an oil with sufficiently reduced viscosity, density, and olefin content to meet pipeline specifications without a substantial yield loss. Cracking necessitates olefin treatment, and process options for olefin treatment without hydrogen are less well developed than olefin treatment with hydrogen. While not concluding that multistep processes cannot meet the dual objectives of increasing profitability and transport requirements, it is pointed out that increasing complexity erodes the economic incentive by which partial upgrading is justified.

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Section: Oil Characteristics and Their Refining Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oil Characteristics and Their Refining Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonzalez gave an overview that touched on several of the operational challenges faced by a refinery when processing an increased amount of heavy crude oil.…”

Section: Petroleum Refinery Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Petroleum Refinery Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Petroleum Refinery Capacity Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Processing Unconventional Oil: Partial Upgrading of Oilsands Bitumen

Klerk

2021

Energy Fuels

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Natural Gas and Petroleum Products

Hsu

Robinson

2019

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Corrosion Mechanism and Countermeasures in Oil Refineries - Comprehensive Review

Al_qasaab,

Wafee Hammoud,

Al-Naffakh

2023

Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies

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Due to the international economic growth reliance on petroleum, corrosion is a critical problem for refineries and it has attracted considerable attention in recent times. There is a plethora of knowledge on the prevention of corrosion in petroleum refineries, but it is distributed among several scholarly studies. Therefore, a comprehensive and current analysis of corrosion prevention in refineries is required. Corrosion issues at several refinery units are examined in this paper. In addition, the foundations of the corrosion issue and modern mitigation techniques, like refinery design, cathode safeguard, inhibitors, and covering protection, were investigated. Study concludes by pointing out knowledge gaps, collecting adequate data on refinery facility corrosion, and offering suggestions for future studies.

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Transitioning Refineries from Sweet to Extra Heavy Oil

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Processing Unconventional Oil: Partial Upgrading of Oilsands Bitumen

Processing Unconventional Oil: Partial Upgrading of Oilsands Bitumen

Natural Gas and Petroleum Products

Corrosion Mechanism and Countermeasures in Oil Refineries - Comprehensive Review

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