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T his a r tic le se e k s to d ra w p o s sib le le ss o n s for a d a p ta tio n p r o g r a m m e s in B a n g la d esh b y e x a m in in g w h e th e r c y c lo n e p r e p a r ed n e ss an d r e lie f in te r v e n tio n s are su b je c t to corru p t p r a c tic e s. B ased o n a r a n d o m sa m p le su r v ey o f 2 7 8 h o u se h o ld s, th re e fo c u s-g r o u p d is c u s sio n s an d s e v e n k e y -in fo r m a n t in te r v ie w s, th e a rticle in v e s tig a te s th e n atu re an d e x te n t o f co rr u p tio n in p re-and p o s t-d isa s te r in te r v e n tio n s in Khulna b e fo r e an d a fter C yclon e A ila in M ay 2 0 0 9 . N in e ty n in e p e r c e n t o f h o u se h o ld s rep o rted lo s se s from corru p t p ra ctices. P o st-d isa ste r in te r v e n tio n s (s u c h as fo o d aid an d p u b lic w ork s s c h e m e s ) su ffered from g r ea ter le v e ls, an d w o r se ty p e s, o f co rru p tio n th a n p r e -d is a s te r in te r v e n tio n s (s u c h as c y c lo n e w a r n in g s y s te m s an d d isa ste r -p r e p a r e d n e ss tra in in g ). U sin g an a s s e t in d e x c re a te d u sin g p rin cip a l c o m p o n e n t a n a ly sis, th e a rticle a s s e s s e s h o w co rru p tio n a ffec te d w e a lth q u a rtiles. U ltra p o o r h o u se h o ld s w e r e a ffec te d m o re b y co rr u p tio n in p r e -d is a s te r in te r v e n tio n s, th e w e a lth ie s t q u artile m o re in c er ta in p o s t-d isa s te r in

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This article lays the foundation for this special issue on social protection and climate change, introducing and evaluating the ways in which the individual articles contribute to our understanding of the subject.

Smallholders grow the majority of Malawi's main export crop – burley tobacco. We analyse this value chain segment for the 2003/4 and 2009/10 seasons. The comparison shows smallholder profits in 2003/4 were limited by two main factors: a cartel of leaf merchants at auction and inefficient marketing arrangements. In 2009/10, there was greater competition at auction, improvements in marketing, tighter state regulation (including minimum prices) and much more contract farming. The paper concludes by reflecting on aspects of the political economy of the tobacco industry at national and global levels.

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Social‐protection programmes like the Productive Safety‐Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia can play a positive role in promoting livelihoods and enhancing risk management. This article uses propensity score matching to estimate its effect on income diversification. The results suggest that receiving transfers from the PSNP, on average, did not increase farm or non‐farm income but significantly increases natural‐resource extraction (one component of off‐farm income). While these results should be treated with caution, they suggest that the PSNP may not be helping smallholders diversify income sources in a positive manner for climate adaptation. The article concludes by arguing for the promotion of positive forms of income diversification and the further investigation of the PSNP's influence on autonomous adaptation strategies.