Let H denote a nite dimensional Hopf algebra with antipode S over a eld |. We give a new proof of the fact, due to Oberst and Schneider OS], that H is a symmetric algebra if and only if H is unimodular and S 2 is inner. If H is involutory and not semisimple, then the dimensions of all projective H-modules are shown to be divisible by char|. In the case where |is a splitting eld for H , we give a formula for the rank of the Cartan matrix of H , reduced mod char| , in terms of an integral for H. Explicit computations of the Cartan matrix, the ring structure of G 0 (H), and the structure of the principal indecomposable modules are carried out for certain speci c Hopf algebras, in particular for the restricted enveloping algebras of completely solvable p-Lie algebras and of sl(2; |).

While ion transport processes in concentrated electrolytes, e.g. based on ionic liquids (IL), are a subject of intense research, the role of conservation laws and reference frames is still a matter of debate. Employing electrophoretic NMR, we show that momentum conservation, a typical prerequisite in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, is not governing ion transport. Involving density measurements to determine molar volumes of distinct ion species, we propose that conservation of local molar species volumes is the governing constraint for ion transport. The experimentally quantified net volume flux is found as zero, implying a non-zero local momentum flux, as tested in pure ILs and IL-based electrolytes for a broad variety of concentrations and chemical compositions. This constraint is consistent with incompressibility, but not with a local application of momentum conservation. The constraint affects the calculation of transference numbers as well as comparisons of MD results to experimental findings.

We develop the theory of rational ideals for arbitrary associative algebras R without assuming the standard finiteness conditions, noetherianness or the Goldie property. The Amitsur-Martindale ring of quotients replaces the classical ring of quotients which underlies the previous definition of rational ideals but is not available in a general setting.Our main result concerns rational actions of an affine algebraic group G on R. Working over an algebraically closed base field, we prove an existence and uniqueness result for generic rational ideals in the sense of Dixmier: for every G-rational ideal I of R, the closed subset of the rational spectrum Rat R that is defined by I is the closure of a unique G-orbit in Rat R. Under additional Goldie hypotheses, this was established earlier by Moeglin and Rentschler (in characteristic 0) and by Vonessen (in arbitrary characteristic), answering a question of Dixmier.

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