No abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess dietary and sex-related effects on selected blood indicators of 40-day-old mallard ducks undergoing fattening. The ducks were divided into three dietary groups (control, L50 and L100). The control (C) group was fed a diet containing soybean meal as the main protein component of the feed. In both experimental groups L50 and L100 soybean meal was replaced with meal of whole seeds of white lupine, Zulika variety, in proportions of 50 and 100%, respectively. With respect to the assessed dietary effect, the serum of the L50 group showed a significantly higher albumin concentration as compared to the C group (P < 0.05) accompanied by a significantly lower proportion of γ-globulins in the L50 group as compared to the L100 group (P < 0.01). As for the blood plasma, the C group showed a significantly higher concentration of total cholesterol as compared to the L100 group (P < 0.05) and a highly significant increase in the triacylglyceride (TAG) level as compared to the L50 and L100 groups (P < 0.01). Concerning plasma mineral indicators, ducks of the C group showed a significantly higher calcium concentration (P < 0.05) in comparison to the L100 group and a lower phosphorus concentration (P < 0.01) in comparison to the L50 as well as L100 group. Further, the C group showed a significantly lower level of potassium (K) as compared to the L50 group (P < 0.05) as well as the L100 group (P < 0.01). The sex of the ducks significantly (P < 0.05) affected the proportion of α-globulins in serum and the magnesium level in the plasma and affected the plasma levels of TAG and K and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.01).

A rapid, simple and highly efficient analytical method for the targeted determination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in serum samples has been developed and used to measure the pharmacokinetic curve of these medicinal substances after administration to chicken broilers. The pharmacokinetics properties of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were investigated in clinically healthy broiler chickens after the single oral administration of the commercial preparation Methoxasol (Eurovet Animal Health, B.V., The Netherlands) at a dose of 0.275 ml/kg b.w. After a single dose drug administration, the chickens were sacrificed by decapitation under general anaesthesia by Isoflurin 1 000 mg/g (Vetpharma AH, Spain) and the blood was collected at precisely defined intervals: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360 and 720 min after the administration. The serum concentrations of amoxicillin were determined using Q Exactive tandem mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) in conjunction with liquid chromatography. The detected pharmacokinetic parameters of trimethoprim after the oral administration were C_max = 2.1 ± 1.0 µg/ml; T_max = 1.5 h; t_½ = 0.88 h; k_el = 0.009 3 ± 0.001 1 1/h; AUC_t = 2.901 ± 1.4 µg.h/ml; AUC_∞ = 2.907 ± 1.5 µg.h/ml; V_d = 2.632 l/kg; Cl = 2.7 l/h. The pharmacokinetic parameters of sulfamethoxazole after the oral administration were C_max = 47.1 ± 15.3 µg/ml; T_max = 1 h; t_½ = 1.92 h; k_el = 0.004 6 ± 0.000 3 1/h; AUC_t = 89.676 ± 26.9 µg.h/ml; AUC_∞ = 94.612 ± 28.4 µg.h/ml; V_d = 0.584 l/kg; Cl = 0.21 l/h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pharmacokinetic study of the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in broiler chickens.