BACKGROUND: The objective of this systematic review was to systematically investigate whether there is an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and oral health. METHODS: Literature searches for randomized and non-randomized studies were performed up to January 2017. Risk of bias within studies was assessed with the Downs and Black checklist. Across-studies risk of bias was assessed with the GRADE framework. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies including 1297 patients were included. IBD was associated with increased risk of periodontitis (332 more patients per 1000 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI): 257-388 patients; p < 0.001) compared to non-IBD patients. Additionally, the Decayed-Missing-Filled-Teeth index of IBD patients was significantly worse than non-IBD patients (mean difference: 3.85; 95% CI: 2.36-5.34; p = 0.005). Patients with ulcerative colitis had considerably worse oral health for most of the assessed factors, while the quality of overall evidence ranged from high to low, due to the observational nature of contributing studies. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory bowel disease was associated with significantly higher risk of periodontitis and worse oral health compared to non-IBD patients. However, longitudinal studies are needed in order to establish a causality link between IBD and periodontal disease.

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The contextual relationships between orthodontics and periodontology are diverse and complex. While the consequences of orthodontic tooth movements are discussed in terms of possible damage and improvements in the long-term health of periodontal tissues orthodontic treatment of adults is a routine clinical procedure nowadays, even in patients presenting already-damaged periodontal tissues. As developments in both fields have been so rapid, there is a constant need for evidence-based concepts in this interdisciplinary field. The goal of this review was to discuss the latest aspects of interdisciplinary treatment and to reflect on the latest developments in research. A treatment scheme is also presented which aims to facilitate coordination of the orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal diseases.

This in vitro assay is a valid method that can assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate materials for certain patients. While tooth movements occurring through this material were successful, uncertainty about the approach will remain as long-term results are not available.

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ZusammenfassungParodontitis ist eine chronische Erkrankung des Zahnhalteapparates (Parodont), die unbehandelt zu Zahnlockerung und Zahnausfall führen kann. Seit Längerem ist bekannt, dass Parodontitis in einem engen Zusammenhang mit Erkrankungen des Gesamtorganismus, z. B. Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, steht. Zahlreiche Studien belegen nun, dass Parodontitis auch mit Adipositas assoziiert ist. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, an einer Parodontitis zu erkranken, ist bei Übergewichtigkeit um das 1,3-Fache und bei Adipositas um das 1,8-Fache erhöht, wie eine Metaanalyse kürzlich zeigte. Außerdem scheint Adipositas die parodontale Heilung nach einer Parodontitistherapie negativ zu beeinflussen. Bisher ist noch weitgehend ungeklärt, ob es sich bei der Assoziation zwischen Adipositas und Parodontitis um eine kausale und/oder non-kausale Beziehung handelt. Zahlreiche Pathomechanismen, die dieser Assoziation zugrunde liegen könnten, stehen derzeitig im Fokus der parodontalen Forschung. Aufgrund der komplexen Interaktionen zwischen Parodontitis und Erkrankungen des Gesamtorganismus kommt der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit eine herausragende Bedeutung zu.

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