In multi-label learning, data may simultaneously belong to more than one class. When multi-label data arrives as a stream, the challenges associated with multi-label learning are joined by those of data stream mining, including the need for algorithms that are fast and flexible, able to match both the speed and evolving nature of the stream. This article presents a punitive k nearest neighbors algorithm with a self-adjusting memory (MLSAMPkNN) for multi-label, drifting data streams. The memory adjusts in size to contain only the current concept and a novel punitive system identifies and penalizes errant data examples early, removing them from the window. By retaining and using only data that are both current and beneficial, MLSAMPkNN is able to adapt quickly and efficiently to changes within the data stream while still maintaining a low computational complexity. Additionally, the punitive removal mechanism offers increased robustness to various data-level difficulties present in data streams, such as class imbalance and noise. The experimental study compares the proposal to 24 algorithms using 30 real-world and 15 artificial multi-label data streams on six multi-label metrics, evaluation time, and memory consumption. The superior performance of the proposed method is validated through non-parametric statistical analysis, proving both high accuracy and low time complexity. MLSAMPkNN is a versatile classifier, capable of returning excellent performance in diverse stream scenarios.
Purpose-This paper reports on librarians' experience creating and sustaining a workshop and webinar series for graduate students over the course of four years. Design/methodology/approach-Difficulties hosting and promoting stand-alone graduate workshops and a collaborative method for planning workshop days and webinars are described in this case study. Attendance data were collected and recorded for each event and additional quantitative data were collected via registration forms and post-event surveys. Findings-Working collaboratively as a department eased planning and promotional responsibilities, allowing for a sustainable workshops series. Focusing on a limited number of events per semester and developing a brand identity for the series streamlined promotion and increased attendance, relative to discipline-based, stand-alone workshops. Originality/value-While many libraries host workshops, the originality of our program lies in the collaborative planning and promotion process that efficiently uses librarian time and expertise to continuously offer well-attended graduate workshops and webinars. This case study could be used as an example for institutions considering starting a workshop series or those experiencing difficulties with stand-alone workshops.
We generalize the classical two-body problem from flat space to spherical space and realize much of the complexity of the classical three-body problem with only two bodies. We show analytically, by perturbation theory, that small, nearly circular orbits of identical particles in a spherical universe precess at rates proportional to the square root of their initial separations and inversely proportional to the square of the universe's radius. We show computationally, by graphically displaying the outcomes of large open sets of initial conditions, that large orbits can exhibit extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, the signature of chaos. Although the spherical curvature causes nearby geodesics to converge, the compact space enables infinitely many close encounters, which is the mechanism of the chaos.
Over the summer, Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Engineering and a local youth center host an engineering day camp for rising sixth, seventh, and eighth graders to explore engineering and innovation. Students in this 5-day program develop an idea for an invention, explore the science behind it and existing products relevant to the idea, develop a budget for building the invention, build it, and present their ideas at an end-of-camp pitch session. On day two, students come to the library. They use both library and open web resources to find information about the science, about related products on the market, and (as time permits) to gather prices for parts of their inventions.The library's involvement has evolved as the librarians have learned about what information and activities are effective for a middle school audience. Some of these lessons apply to any teaching situation -e.g. active learning is generally more effective than pure lecture. Other lessons learned are specific to this context and age group. Because middle schoolers are developmentally different from older children and young adults and because camp is different from school, simply adapting classroom activities did not fully address the needs of the campers.Other challenges to the library's participation in this summer program related to sometimes conflicting aims within the missions and visions of the university and the library. While both the university and its libraries consider the community in their goals and plans, they are designed as organizations for higher education. Given limited resources, service to primary and secondary students, even in a university-affiliated program, could come into conflict with the core needs of university students, faculty, and staff.
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