The demographic profile of the samples closely matched the 1990 U.S. national census. On the SPAI, women scored higher than men on the Agoraphobia subscale, and the lowest income group scored higher than higher income participants on the Difference and Social Phobia subscales. Participants under 45 years of age exceeded those aged 45-65 on the BAI, the PSWQ, and FQ Social Phobia, Blood/Injury, and Total Phobia scores. Percentile scores are provided for all measures, as well as discussion of their usefulness for assessing clinical significance of therapy outcomes.

A review of studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, and social phobia indicates that CBT is consistently more effective than waiting-list and placebo control groups. In general, CBT has proved more beneficial than supportive therapy as well. Comparisons with active behavioral treatments provide more variable results. Converging evidence suggests that cognitive change may be a strong predictor of treatment outcome, but that such change may be produced by a number of therapeutic approaches. Pretest-posttest change with CBT is depicted in meta-analytic summary form for each disorder.

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The study was designed to address two broad purposes: (a) to investigate further the reliability and validity of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and (b) to examine the relationship of parental warmth and overprotection to specific anxiety disorders and their symptoms, anxious personality traits, and social functioning. The PBI was administered, before and after exposure treatment, to an outpatient sample of 52 adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder and 35 with panic disorder with agoraphobia, and to their parents (n=42), if they resided with the patient. PBI scores remained stable despite improvement in symptom severity and mood. Parents' and patients' recollections of the parents' behaviour towards the patient did not agree. According to patients, their parents most often raised them using affectionless control, whereas parents most often rated themselves as having provided optimal parenting. Patients' PBI scores were not related to type or severity of anxiety disorder. However, reports of poorer parenting were associated with worse social adjustment and higher levels of anxious personality disorder characteristics.

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