Amputee soccer is one of the types of soccer designed for the disabled, especially those who have undergone amputations, as well as those with extremity dysfunction. The objective of the study was to find the relationship between hand grip strength and sprint time in amputee soccer players. Thirteen field amputee soccer players participated in the study. A SAEHAN hydraulic hand dynamometer manufactured by Jamar was used for hand grip strength measurements. The sprint running test was conducted over a distance of 30 m. The Fusion Smart Speed System was employed for running time measurements. No statistically significant relationships were found between hand grip strength of the left or right hand, and sprint times over 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 m. Analysis of the running velocity curve of the subjects showed an interesting profile characterized by a 15 meter-long acceleration phase and a significant velocity increase over a distance of 20 – 25 m. The study suggests that there is no relationship between hand grip strength and sprint effectiveness in amputee soccer players. The specificity of locomotion with the use of elbow crutches among elite Polish amputee soccer players probably accounts for the profile of the sprint velocity curve. Extension of the acceleration phase in the sprint run and a velocity increase in the subsequent part of the run were observed.

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Objectives: This article presents the results of research aimed at determining how a particular school environment affects positive attitudes towards persons with disabilities among youth attending rural and urban schools and a school with integrated classes. Material and methods: The research process was based on diagnostic survey and questionnaire. The research tool applied was the Scale of Attitude Towards Persons with Disabilities (PWON) by Sękowski. The study included 200 respondents aged 14 and 15 years. They were young people attending three selected primary schools: one mainstream rural school, one mainstream urban school, and one mainstream urban school with integrated classes. Results: ANOVA showed a statistically significant effect: F (2.198) = 148.28; p = 0.00; η 2 = 0.59 which proves that the attitudes towards people with disabilities also depend on the type of schools attended by the compared groups. There were statistically significant differences between all compared groups of young people, out of which the respondents attending the mainstream urban school with integrated classes show the most positive attitude towards persons with disabilities. Conclusions: Average level of positive attitude towards disabled persons in young people varies according to the type of school they attend. Based on data analysis, it was found that the type of school the investigated young people attend is a variable that significantly differentiates attitudes towards persons with disabilities.

The objective of this paper was to determine the relationship between hand grip strength and movement time (locomotor efficiency in a seated position using the upper and lower extremities) in sitting volleyball players. In addition, a comparison was made between the velocity curves for forward and backward locomotion. Nine male members of the sitting volleyball team participated in the study. Hydraulic and spring manual dynamometers were used to measure hand grip strength. Movement times were registered for distances of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10-m with the use of the Smart Speed System photocells. Significant relationships between hand grip strength of the left (rs=-0.78) and right (rs=-0.73) hands and the forward movement time over a distance of 1-m were found. Hand grip strength had no significant relationship with either forward movement times at other distances or backward movement times. Results suggest that hand strength is linked to locomotor efficiency of sitting volleyball players. High hand grip strength makes the start easier by pushing away from the ground with the upper limbs.