* * *Адекватно лечење психијатријских болесника у Србији, али и у другим земљама, условљено је решавањем различитих правних и институционалних проблема. Правни проблеми које треба решити су делимично теоретске, али, у великој мери, практичне природе. Ради се, са једне стране, о дефинисању менталног здравља и болести, те постојању права менталног здравља. Са дру-ге стране, врло је битно јасно утврдити начин на који се правни принципи ме-дицинског права примењују у области менталног здравља. Условљени специ-фичностима менталних болести, ови су принципи модификовани и њихова је примена различита од примене у другим областима медицинског делања.Поред правних, важно је решити и институционалне проблеме збрињава-ња психијатријских болесника. У свету, а и код нас настоји се да се служба за ментално здравље реорганизује. Поред измене правне регулативе, реорга-низација захтева испуњење неких предуслова на терену, јер се не ради о из-мени детаља, него о промени читавог система функционисања служби за мен-тално здравље. Право менталног здрављаПостојање права менталног здравља, као дела медицинског права, спорно је у литератури. Правни традиционалисти врло често не прихватају ни постојање медицинског права као посебне гране права, већ га сврставају у грађанско, кри-вично или административно право. Међу ауторима који признају постојање ме-дицинског права као посебне гране права, има оних који сматрају да ментално здравље захтева постојање специјалног права, јер се руководи принципима дру-гачијим од основних принципа заступљених у медицинском праву. Медицинско право, наиме, као један од својих основних принципа наводи принцип аутономи-је воље, односно нужност постојања сагласности информисаног пацијента на сваки медицински захват. Право менталног здравља, међутим, у одређеним слу-чајевима дозвољава принудно задржавање и лечење ментално оболелих људи, чак и ако су способни да дају пристанак. Тиме се оно разликује од медицинског права уопште. Најчешћи разлог који се пружа како би се оправдало овакво крше-ње принципа аутономије воље је неопходност заштите опште јавности од опа-сних ментално оболелих људи, и/или неопходност заштите ментално оболелих од себе самих (Herring, 2010: 552).Са друге стране, критичари концепта менталног здравља -"антипсихијатри" -сматрају да су изрази -ментално здравље и ментално обољење, врло непоузда-ни појмови са становишта друштва. Постоје примери да се 1851. године у САД болешћу сматрала тзв. "драпетоманија", која је описивала тенденцију црних ро-бова да беже од својих господара. Неки аутори сматрају да психички поремећа-ји нису болести, већ понашања које вређају или нервирају друге људе. Има се представа о томе како би људи требало да се понашају, а уколико не чине тако, сматра се да болују од менталног обољења. У том смислу је, сматрају критичари концепта менталног здравља и болести, психијатрија важан начин социјалне кон-троле (Breeding, 2011: 4). Концепту менталног здравља се ставља и приговор да су проблеми са менталним здрављем реакција нормалних људи на ненормалне социјалне притиске или стре...

Sexuality represents one of the basic dimensions of human existence, which is channelled through sexual and gender identification and role, sexual orientation, eroticism, emotional commitment, satisfaction, and reproduction. Sexuality is also linked to many significant health problems, especially in the area of reproductive and sexual health. Sexual health is the condition of physical, emotional, mental, and social wellbeing that is linked with sexuality. Knowledge about sexual health, contraception and selection of contraceptives, and the risk of sexually transmittable diseases is not only relevant for individuals? sexuality; it?s also important for encouraging the use of health services and other forms of support that are necessary to protect youth from sexually transmittable diseases and the maintenance of sexual and re-productive health. When it comes to sexuality and care of reproductive and sexual health, some groups are especially vulnerable. Bearing in mind the specific conditions women with disabilities grow up in and their dependence on assistance and support from other people, satisfying their needs for partnership, sexuality, and parenthood becomes unattainable for many, or it takes place under the control of professionals or family members. In this context, people with visual impairments are part of a vulnerable group, acknowledging that visual impairment leads to limitations in everyday life, autonomy, and quality of life to its full potential. The purpose of this article is to describe the phenomena of sexuality and sexual health among people with visual impairments, and to point out the existing international and national normative frameworks relevant to the sexual health of people with disabilities. Existing legislative acts acknowledge the right to a normal sexual life, as well as to the care and maintenance of the sexual health of people with disabilities. However, there are many obstacles and limitations that hamper the practical application of these rights: health issues, communication problems, lack of privacy, people?s acceptance of the inhibition of their own sexuality, or their acceptance of the labelling and normalisation of their situation. Even considering the existence of the regulation, the system of support for maintaining and improving the sexual and reproductive health of women with disabilities is not developed enough. The lack of literature relating to this topic shows that its importance is not recognised enough among the relevant actors, including organisations that advocate for people with disabilities. Realising the existing general legal framework requires the will of policymakers, who could enact and implement specific bylaw regulations, as well as activating the societal actors relevant to this field.

In the period 2019-2021, the Serbian team (consisted form representatives of the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", Environmental Protection Agency, the Medical Faculty in Belgrade, Ministry of Health and the Institute of Social Sciences) conducted the research project on health prevention and multimorbidity in post conflict Serbia. Objective was to understand the perception of relevant actors about possible risk factors (environmental, behavioral, and socio-economic) for the occurrence of multimorbidity. Methodology applied in qualitative research was focus groups and interviews with the sampled population group representatives. Target population was health professionals, health providers’ and local municipalities’ management. The purposes of the research were: 1) insight into the main multimorbidity factors through the prism of stakeholders on the local level; 2) drafting recommendations on changing regulation and practice in public health prevention measures. Results of the research show that there is an agreement in the stakeholder perception that multimorbidity in Serbia is increasing and that preventive measures should be strengthened. All groups of predictors (environmental, behavioral, and socio-economic) are perceived as of equal importance. The research was the basis for development of the legislative and systemic recommendations.

САЖЕТАКПриступање Европској унији (ЕУ) представља свеобухватан процес реформе и хармонизовања законодавства са прописима ЕУ који нужно мора бити праћен и имплементацијом стандарда ЕУ. Иако су надлежности Европске уније у области здравствене заштите ограничене, а здравствено право не представља значајан део европског законодавства, у бројним областима је неопходно извршити усаглашавање и спровести даље реформе. Главни фокус овог рада представља преговарачко Поглавље 28 у оквиру процеса приступања ЕУ, које у домену јавног здравља обухвата више тематских области, у којима постоје законодавни и стратешки акти ЕУ. Имајући у виду да Србија још увек није отворила преговоре о приступању у оквиру овог поглавља и у циљу ближег упознавања здравствених радника у Србији са овом тематиком, у раду се анализирају најважнији аспекти усклађивања са правом ЕУ и потребе за даљим реформама домаћих прописа. Кључне речи: Европска унија; хармонизација законодавства; јавно здравље; процес приступања РЕГУЛАТОРНИ СТАНДАРДИ У МЕДИЦИНИ/REGULATORY STANDARDS IN MEDICINE

Contractual capacity is the starting point for exercising most human rights. It entails the capacity to sign contracts and enter into the legal transactions, and it is a gateway to exercising a range of labour, voting, family, property, succession (etc.) rights envisaged by the law. The full deprivation of contractual capacity leads to the deprivation of most other capacities. Thus, a person is de iure and de facto excluded from societal life. The mechanism for deprivation of contractual capacity exists in both domestic and foreign jurisprudence, as a way of protecting individual rights. The deprivation of contractual capacity in adults is applicable when the competent authority determines one's mental or intellectual impairment. In the past, the prevailing approach to establishing such disability was the medical approach, which is largely the same today, while the social model is seldom applied. The issue of protection of the right to contractual capacity has seldom been comprehensively analyzed, either from the standpoint of social care services or from the standpoint of jurisprudence. Yet, they are both equally relevant in the process of assessing contractual capacity. This paper presents the results of research conducted in social care centers and courts in the territory of the City of Belgrade (Serbia). The research was aimed at establishing whether the status and position of social care service users has improved after introducing the legal mechanism authorizing the courts to assess (within a specific time limit) if there are reasons for continuing the imposed measure of deprivation of contractual capacity, as well as to analyze the major reasons for initiating the legal action for reassessment of contractual capacity.

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Consent to medical treatment is a patient right. The patient right to give or withhold consent to some treatment procedure arises from the principle of free will of each person, that is, the principle of self-determination. The patient consent is valid only in case he/she has previously been provided by the physician with the relevant information on the intended medical measure. The scope of information is generally regulated. However, the physician is obliged to estimate each patient's need and the ability to receive information. Treatment can have desired results only with patients' compliance. Apart from being patient right, giving of consent to medical treatment is also his/her legal duty, the fulfillment of which is expected prior to beginning of treatment. By non-complicance, a patient unable the treatment procedure and damages his/her own health. However, the duty to give the consent is not the real legal obligation. It cannot be the subject of claim, nor can it be coercively enforced. For this reason, consent to medical treatment, as well as the other subsidiary duties of patients, is named duty of the patient in his own interest. Its non full filament does not lead to the liability of the patient. It can, under certain circumstances, reduce or exclude the physicians share in damage and his liability or, under certain circumstances, give the possibility to the physician to cancel further rendering of health care to the patient

This paper aims to introduce a legal framework for exercising one of the most basic socio-economic rights of people with rare diseases: the right to decent work. Considering the specificity of the medical and, consequently, social status of the people affected, the appropriate labour-law measures need to be determined. Applying the comparative and normative method along with the contemporary anti-discrimination principle, the labour status of the rare diseases population has been analysed based on the proposed classification in legal terms. As a precondition for labour legislation, new Serbian healthcare legislation on rare diseases should be supported through the process of implementation to reduce adverse cases as effectively as possible, advance genetic and other clinical diagnoses, and thus increase the efficiency of available medical treatment. Concerning public health policy, updated registries and better health statistics should be created. These activities require certain amendments to both general and specialist labour legislation (disability legislation), aiming to include patients with rare diseases in the working (and social) environment without discrimination.