The advertising and marketing literature have established that celebrity endorsements constitute an effective way to enhance attitudes toward brands and increase purchase intents. However, there are no relevant studies on digital influencers. This study addresses the research gap by examining the effect of digital influencers' attractiveness and the effect of the congruence between a digital influencer and a brand on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. By applying structural equation modeling to a sample of 307 followers of digital influencers, a model was tested and group analysis was performed for two categories (“entertainment & video games” and “fashion & beauty”). The results show that both brand attitudes and purchase intentions are influenced by the digital influencer's attractiveness (which includes both likeability and familiarity) and by the congruence between the digital influencer and the brand. This study makes several contributions to both theory and practice, which are highlighted in this paper.
Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that the FSSADI_PAIN is an innovative and promising measure of perceived formal social support adapted to pain-related contexts.
Background: Chronic pain is prevalent among older adults and is usually associated with high levels of functional disability. Social support for the promotion of functional autonomy and dependence has been associated with pain-related disability and self-reported physical functioning.Nevertheless, these relationships need further inquiry.Aims: Our aims were to investigate: (1) the relationship between perceived promotion of autonomy/dependence and pain-related disability and (2) the extent to which self-reported physical functioning mediated these relationships. Results: Higher levels of perceived promotion of autonomy were associated with lower pain-related disability; this relationship was partially mediated by self-reported physical functioning (B=-.767, p<.001 decreasing to B'=-.485, p<.01). Higher perceived promotion of dependence was associated with higher pain-related disability; this effect was also partially accounted for by self-reported physical functioning (B=.889, p<.01 decreasing to B'=.597, p<.05).Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of perceived promotion of autonomy and dependence for managing older adults' experience of chronic pain.
factor analyses showed a good fit for a two-factor structure: 1) PPA (n=4 items;α=.89); 2) PPD(n= 4 items;α=.85). The revised FSSADI_PAIN showed good content, discriminant and criterionrelated validity; it discriminated the PSS of male and female older adults, and also of elders with different levels of physical functioning.In conclusion, the revised FSSADI_PAIN is an innovative, valid and reliable tool that allows us to assess two important functions of PSS, which may play a relevant role in the prevention and reduction of pain-related physical disability and functional dependence among institutionalized older adults.Perspective: This paper presents a revised version of the FSSADI_PAIN that assesses elders' perceived promotion of functional autonomy/dependence as two independent functions of perceived social support. This measure may contribute to future research on the role of close interpersonal contexts on the promotion of active ageing among elders with (chronic) pain.
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