Postmenopausal women have a low understanding of vaginal atrophy. Medical practitioners should proactively raise this topic, help patients to understand that vaginal atrophy is a chronic condition, and discuss treatment options. Country-specific approaches may be required.

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Vaginal atrophy negatively impacts women's lives, but women lack knowledge of the subject and are hesitant to consult healthcare professionals, who should proactively initiate discussions regarding appropriate treatment options.

These data indicate that many postmenopausal women in Canada have a low understanding of vaginal atrophy. Medical practitioners should proactively initiate dialogue about this chronic condition with their patients, and discuss appropriate treatment options.

Factor XIII congenital deficiency (FXIII CD) is a serious bleeding disorder resulting in a lifelong bleeding tendency, defective wound healing and recurrent miscarriage. The aim of this study was to review available literature on the burden and management of FXIII CD. To this end, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched. In current literature, FXIII CD is described as one of the most severe forms of a congenital coagulation disorder, primarily due to a high risk of severe bleeding events. The published literature suggests that over 50% of untreated FXIII CD patients experience severe bleeding symptoms. Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH)--a major cause of death and morbidity--is reported to occur in up to one-third of patients. Nonetheless, data on the social and financial burden in patients with FXIII CD are sparse. Identified reports on the effectiveness and safety of recommended treatments support that patients with FXIII CD should receive prophylactic treatment as early as possible in their lives to prevent the occurrence of bleeds, including potentially life-threatening ICHs. In conclusion, limited data on the social and economic consequences related specifically to FXIII CD have been published to date. However, it is widely acknowledged that the high risk of severe bleeds and ICH results in a high level of burden in patients with bleeding disorders. To inform future clinical decision-making and reimbursement decisions, further research is required to gain insight in how specifically FXIII CD affects quality of life and to fully understand associated economic consequences.