This study compared the antioxidant status and major lipophilic antioxidants in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS). Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and concentrations of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamins A and E were estimated in the plasma of 22 patients with AT, 12 children with NBS, and the healthy controls. In AT patients, TAS (median 261.7 μmol/L) was statistically lower but TOS (496.8 μmol/L) was significantly elevated in comparison with the healthy group (312.7 μmol/L and 311.2 μmol/L, resp.). Tocopherol (0.8 μg/mL) and CoQ10 (0.1 μg/mL) were reduced in AT patients versus control (1.4 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL, resp.). NBS patients also displayed statistically lower TAS levels (290.3 μmol/L), while TOS (404.8 μmol/L) was comparable to the controls. We found that in NBS patients retinol concentration (0.1 μg/mL) was highly elevated and CoQ10 (0.1 μg/mL) was significantly lower in comparison with those in the healthy group. Our study confirms disturbances in redox homeostasis in AT and NBS patients and indicates a need for diagnosing oxidative stress in those cases as a potential disease biomarker. Decreased CoQ10 concentration found in NBS and AT indicates a need for possible supplementation.
This study shows the results of application liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for assay of the content of α-tocopherol and coenzyme Q in bee products of animal origin, i.e. royal jelly, beebread and drone homogenate. The biological matrix was removed using extraction with n-hexane. It was found that drone homogenate is a rich source of coenzyme Q . It contains only 8 ± 1 µg/g of α-tocopherol and 20 ± 2 µg/g of coenzyme Q . The contents of assayed compounds in royal jelly were 16 ± 3 and 8 ± 0.2 µg/g of α-tocopherol and coenzyme Q , respectively. Beebread appeared to be the richest of α-tocopherol. Its level was 80 ± 30 µg/g, while the level of coenzyme Q was only 11.5 ± 0.3 µg/g. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embryo–fetal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) could be related to poor male reproductive parameters in rodents, but this concept has not been convincingly confirmed in humans. We investigated the association of environmental BPA exposure of pregnant women with selected endocrine and anthropometric parameters of male newborns. We analyzed plasma BPA from pregnant mothers, umbilical cord, and placental tissues (n = 117/each group) by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. LH, FSH, AMH, TGFβ2, inhibin B, and selected sex steroids were measured in cord plasma. The infant anthropometric parameters included anogenital distance, stretched penile length, head circumference, birthweight, and length. The median BPA concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord plasma, and in placental tissue were 19.0, 8.0, and 22.2 nmol/L, respectively, the levels thus being over twofold lower in the fetal circulation than in the mother or placenta. The BPA concentrations measured were 100–1000-fold lower than those demonstrated in animal experiments to have endocrine disrupting effects. Multivariable regression analysis indicated no significant correlations between the maternal/fetal/placental BPA concentrations and any of the hormone levels or anthropometric parameter measured. Plasma concentrations of BPA confirmed both maternal, placenta, and fetal exposure to environmental BPA, but the concentrations were orders of magnitude lower than those with documented endocrine disrupting activity. Moreover, the maternal/fetal concentration gradient as well as the lack of correlations of BPA levels with any major endocrine or anthropometric parameters measured in the newborns suggest a protective role for the placenta in reducing fetal exposure to the environmental BPA.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) was applied to isolate budesonide (BUD) and sulfasalazine (SULF) from aqueous samples. The effects of different parameters on the efficiency on the extraction such as type of extrahent and dispersive solvent, ionic strength, pH of sample, and centrifugation time were investigated. Moreover, the influence of foreign substances on a studied process was tested. The calibration curves were recorded. The linearity ranges for BUD and SULF were 0.022-8.611 µg mL −1 and 0.020-7.968 µg mL −1 with the limit of detection (LOD) 0.011 µg mL −1 and 0.012 µg mL −1 , respectively. The enrichment factors (EF) for two analytes were high: for BUD it was 145.7 and for SULF, 119.5. The elaborated procedure was applied for HPLC-UV determination of these analytes in water and wastewater samples.was quantitated in a range of different matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection or ultraviolet detection (HPLC-DAD and HPLC-UV) [10][11][12], thin-layer chromatography densitometry [13], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [14], spectroflourimetry [15] and liquid chromatography/positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI(+)-MS/MS [16]. None of the above methods attempted the simultaneous analysis of BUD and SULF in the same sample.The literature review shows that budesonide assays were made in biological samples [7-9], environmental samples [17,18], pharmaceutical formulations, and cosmetic products [19]. SULF was determined in pharmaceutical preparations [13][14][15], human plasma [10,16], water, and wastewater samples [20,21]. SULF was determined in river samples at the concentration of 15-76 ng L −1 and in wastewater samples at 65 ng L −1 (influent) and 266 ng L −1 (effluent) [20].Traditionally, the sample treatment techniques used to isolate pharmaceuticals from water samples have been the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) [21]. LLE technique needs large volumes of toxic solvent, and the creation of emulsions is a common problem. However, SPE technique requires column conditioning and a process that is sometimes complicated and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly pretreatment methods is necessary to overcome such disadvantages. Currently, microextraction techniques are often used to separate biologically active substances from aqueous solutions.A novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) was introduced by Leong et al. [22]. It involves the use of extraction solvent with a density lower than the density of water and freezing point near to the room temperature. The mixture of the dispersing and extracting solvent is injected into the water sample to form a turbid solution. After centrifugation, the tube is placed in an ice bath to solidify the extractant. The solidified drop is then collected and placed in a conical tube and allowed to melt. The li...
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