Objective:Evaluate the beliefs about the risk factors for breast cancer in a population of women from the western Amazon and determine the factors associated with the higher belief scores presented by this population. Methods:A population-based cross-sectional study included 478 women aged >40 years residing in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. An American Cancer Society questionnaire was applied to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about breast cancer. Results:The main beliefs about the risk factors for breast cancer were breast trauma (95%), use of underwire bra (58.5%), and a high number of sexual partners (55.5%). Women from younger age groups presented higher belief scores (Bcoefficient: –0.04, 95% CI: –0.07; –0.01) than those of women from older age groups. A strong association was noted between high knowledge scores of risk factors and signs/symptoms of the disease and high belief scores in the study group (Bcoefficient:0.33;95%CI:0.28;0.38).Conclusion:The results indicate the existence of important beliefs related to the risk factors for breast cancer. Women from younger age groups, women who have seen a gynecologist in the past 2 years, and women who had more knowledge about the risk factors and signs and symptoms of breast cancer had higher belief scores.
Background:
Benign breast disease (BBD) is a factor strongly associated with breast cancer worldwide.
Arg72Pro SNP
association with breast cancer is controversial due to the suggestion that environmental factors are required to modulate such risk. There are no studies evaluating these environmental interactions of the aforementioned SNP within BBD.
Aim:
To determine the frequency of
SNP Arg72Pro
in a cohort of women diagnosed with BBD; and to investigate gene-environmental interactions with environmental factors.
Results:
The genotype frequency was 44.6% for Arg/Pro, 39.3% for Arg/Arg genotype, and 16.3% for Pro/Pro homozygote. Gene-environment interaction analysis shows that when Arg/Arg is considered as reference, there is an ORinteraction with Arg/Pro and fabric exposure (OR=1.90;95%CI:1.04,3.48), solvents (OR=2.21;95%CI:1.01,4.83) and chlorine, bleaches, disinfectants, and liquid wax exposure (OR=2.52;95%CI:1.07,5.91). Analysis with Pro/Pro genotype as the reference showed an interaction between alcohol consumption and recessive model (OR=1.58;95%CI:1.00,2.51). Gene-environmental interactions were observed too between exposure to hair dyes, straighteners or relaxers and Arg/Arg (OR=3.26;95%CI:1.21,8.82).
Conclusion:
The Arg/Pro genotype was the most frequent in the BBD cohort. When compared with the Arg/Arg genotype, the presence of Arg/Pro genotype and solvents, fabric and cleaning products exposure increased the risk of BBD. When compared with Pro/Pro genotype, there were interactions between recessive model with alcohol consumption and exposure to hair products on the risk of BBD.
Introduction: Some benign breast diseases (BBD) can determine an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Environmental factors related to lifestyle and family history of breast cancer may be associated with BBD development. However, the effect of family history of breast cancer on the risk of benign breast diseases is still unclear. Objective: To evaluate the association between family history of breast cancer and benign breast diseases. Methods: This is an integrative review that selected observational studies in different databases to analyze the association between BBD and family history of breast cancer, considering the different classification criteria for both benign diseases and family history. All studies were published between 1977 and 2016. A total of 13 studies were selected, among which ten are case-control and case-cohort studies; and three are cohort studies. Most studies received high or moderate quality classification according to the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale. Results: Family history of breast cancer was associated with the development of proliferative lesions and the presence of atypia, and it was more closely related to the development of benign diseases in young women, with a tendency to decrease with advancing age. Conclusion: Studies suggest there may be an association between family history of breast cancer and benign breast diseases; nevertheless, no statistically significant results were found in many case-control studies, and more robust prospective research is necessary to further clarify this association.
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