In common structural design, random variables, such as material strength or loads, are represented by fixed numbers defined in design codes. This is also referred to as deterministic design. Addressing the random character of these variables directly, the probabilistic design procedure allows the determination of the probability of exceeding a defined limit state. This probability is referred to as failure probability. From there, the structural reliability, representing the survival probability, can be determined. Structural reliability thus is a property of a structure or structural member, depending on the relevant limit states, failure modes and basic variables. This is the basis for the determination of partial safety factors which are, for sake of a simpler design, applied within deterministic design procedures. In addition to the basic variables in terms of material and loads, further basic variables representing the structural model have to be considered. These depend strongly on the experience of the design engineer and the level of detailing of the model. However, in the clear majority of cases [1] failure does not occur due to unexpectedly high or low values of loads or material strength. The most common reasons for failure are human errors in design and execution. This paper will provide practical examples of original designs affected by human error and will assess the impact on structural reliability.
<p>Human error is the major cause for structural collapse [1]. Design review is the most effective way to rid human errors out of the design process and thus most societies have implemented procedures for design review. Naturally, different systems come with different properties in terms of effectiveness and error-proneness.</p><p>This paper will provide practical examples of successful design review and will derive challenges and methods of counteraction during the design review process. Emphasis will be on realistic examples as a basis for a theoretical derivation of improved design review concepts.</p>
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