Highlights • An assessment of the historical roots and key political economic dynamics that affect forest policy in Finland. • Identification of a dominant forest policy pathway through the analysis of official documents from 2010-2015. • An analysis of the politics and power relations in the implementation of the pathway during the Forest Act review process. • The dominant pathway aims at "more of everything", but implementation emphasises productivism and ignores goal conflicts. • Global bioeconomy meta-discourse allows policies to return to productivisim and effectively ignore sustainability challenges.

and Economic Studies, with a PhD in Political Science. He has published several articles and a book on the issues of natural resource politics, land grabbing, social movement outcomes, the politics of forestry development and rural changes in Latin America. His most recent book is Contentious agency and natural resource politics.

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The recent scholarship on social movement outcomes has called for explanations about how movements influence economic outcomes. This article demonstrates in practice how a dynamic and relational approach, coupled with a Bourdieuian analysis of social, symbolic, and territorial space, can be utilized in explaining the influence of movements in contentious politics around investment projects. Based on participant observation and comparison across the Brazilian Landless Movement (MST) groups in areas of paper industry expansion, I assess the different movement strategies and their influence on pulp project outcomes. I reinterpret the ideal 'MST model' as constructed by specific strategies promoting contentious agency: organizing and politicizing, campaigning by heterodox framing, protesting, networking, and embedded autonomy vis-à-vis the state. A Qualitative Comparative Analysis comparing the expansion of 13 pulp holdings between 2004-2008 shows how these strategies influence investment pace. When both contentious and conventional strategies were used, movements managed to slow pulpwood plantation expansion.

Please refer to the original page numbers when quoting the text. Highlights • Illustrates how agribusiness has become the key forest policy definer since 2012 in Brazil • Uses the case of Brazil to illustrate what happens when forest cover is seen as a threat to the need to combat global hunger • Assessment of differing ways of framing sustainability that promote three different pathways of forest/land use • Exploration of convergences, conflicts and actor relations between brown economy, green capitalism and socio-environmentalism • Brazil provides an important case to study how, in practice, the "brown" and "green" economic pathways are converging • Shows how the forest industry has become a key actor in the brown/green capitalism-alliance

The recent expansion of tree plantations is the most important agrarian change in many parts of Brazil. This article uses the results of extensive field research to analyse the different ways paper and pulp companies assure their land base for eucalyptus plantations. The mechanisms of land access have changed little over the decades, amounting to a process of primitive accumulation which seems to be controlled by the ways the pulp industry influences land markets and prices, the strength of any resistance, and particularly the government support enjoyed by industry. Many paper and steel companies, either directly or indirectly, are increasingly relying on eucalyptus plantations, with negative impacts in many places. The expansion of tree monocultures with rural exclusion is characteristic of the wider phenomenon of land grab which is driven by the dominating financial logic of current capitalism.I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for excellent recommendations which substantially improved this article. I am also grateful to the editors, all those helping to conduct the field research in Brazil and giving their time for interviews, and to

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a b s t r a c tThe large-scale pulp investment model, with its pressure on land, has created conflict and caused major disagreements and open hostility amongst the social movement and NGO networks, state actors, and the pulp and paper companies in Brazil. In this article, Ethical Analysis was applied in the assessment of the dynamics and possibilities of conflict resolution related to the expansion of pulpwood plantations in Brazil's Bahia State, particularly near Veracel Celulose. Ethical Analysis as a tool identifies the complex dynamics of contention through identifying bridges and rifts in the social, ecological and economic viewpoints of the main actors. The analysis was based on field research, interviews, and a review of existing literature. The results indicated that the conflict is marked by politics of power, and as long as this stage continues, the politics of cooperation and conflict resolution would be hard to achieve. The key actors have diverging interests, values and principles, and different ways of presenting their viewpoints. The current investment context is economically and institutionally peripheral and socially weak. Without a radical rethinking and emphasis on ethical and structural reworking of the investment model, the conflict will likely continue to deepen, aggravating investment risk for large-scale business and industrial forestry.