Pregledni znanstveni rad Primljeno: kolovoz 2018. U radu se obrađuje nevaljanost potestativnih uvjeta u korist uvjetno obvezane strane ugovora te problem iznimnog položaja kupoprodaje na pokus rimskoga prava, tj. ugovora o kupoprodaji s dodanim uglavkom pactum displicentiae prema kojem bi ugovor, odnosno njegov učinak bio ovisan o (ne)zadovoljstvu kupca kupljenom stvari. U prvom dijelu rada izlaže se problematika nevaljanosti potestativnih uvjeta u korist uvjetno obvezanog te priroda iznimaka koje se susreću u izvorima. Nakon toga slijedi raščlamba općih karakteristika uglavka pactum displicentiae, s posebnim osvrtom na činjenicu da je uvjetovana okolnost zadovoljstvo kupca, što bi ga činilo potestativnim uvjetom. Uzimajući u obzir navedeno zatim se obrađuju tumačenja romanista kojima se pokušava opravdati postojanje pactum displicentiae. Zaključno se izlaže vlastiti stav o razlozima prihvata valjanosti uglavka. Ključne riječi: si volam, kupnja na probu, pactum displicentiae, potestativni uvjet, rimsko pravo
In this paper, the author analyses the question of the application of the curule aediles rules on immovables, in line with the Ulpian’s quote of Labeo from D. 21,1,1pr. The first part of the paper contains an analysis of Labeo’s claim quoted by Ulpian, followed by a scrutiny of its importance in the incorporation of aediles’ actions into the actio empti, and a study of the sources that bring into relation aediles and the sale of immovable. The next part consists of a discussion on the immovables described as pestilens (pestilential, infected, unhealthy) and of an analysis of the sources that indicate the application of the actio redhibitoria on such sale. In the conclusion, the author presents arguments in support of the interpretation that the debate on the application of the rules of the edicts of the curule aediles to the sale of immovables existed in classical law and thus the mixing of actio redhibitoria and actio empti had occurred as early as during the time of Diocletian.
U radu se obrađuje pitanje aktivne legitimacije za primjenu interdikta quod vi aut clam u klasičnom rimskom pravu. U prvom dijelu rada izlažu se općenite karakteristike navedenog interdikta, njegov potencijalni rani spomen u Ciceronovom govoru Pro Tullio, prikaz u tekstu pretorskog edikta, tumačenja klasičnih pravnika o pitanju pasivne legitimacije, te raščlamba pojmova vi aut clam. Nakon toga slijedi razrada aktivne legitimacije za primjenu, detaljno se izlaže Julijanovo tumačenje kako je preduvjet mogućnosti korištenja interdikta postojanje interesa, što se posebno analizira na pitanju kupoprodaje s dodanim uglavkom in diem addictio. Sljedeći dio rada sastoji se od tumačenja Ulpijanovog pristupa istom pravnom problemu, gdje iznosi stav kako je pitanje posjeda relevantno da bi osoba imala aktivnu legitimaciju za interdikt. Posljednji dio rada sadrži komparaciju Ulpijanovog i Julijanovog pristupa, daje zaključna promišljanja autora o potencijalnim razlozima njihova razilaženja, te konačno analizira mogu li razlike u prikazanim konceptima utjecati na pitanje hoće li aktivnu legitimaciju kod kupoprodaje pod in diem addictio imati prodavatelj ili kupac.
Mostly due to negative demographic trends and unfavourable ratios between the inactive and active working population, prejudiced ideas against older people, that they are unproductive and redundant, are contributing to discrimination and their exclusion. Although human rights should not diminish with age, we are nowadays witnessing discriminatory practices against the older persons considering employment, social protection and access to services.The social construct of 'ageism', according to which older people are treated differently because of the attitudes relating to their age, is not a contemporary idea. Rather, it is a human rights issue that has existed throughout history. Examining the extremely positive and negative descriptions of elderly in ancient Roman literature, the first part of this article contains an analysis of the legal and social position of older people and, consequentially, their contribution to society. Focusing on the concept of 'active ageing', specifically propagated by the Article 25 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the second part of the paper will tackle the existing efforts of the EU in the struggle against ageism.Although Croatian national legislation is largely aligned with the European acquis, due to the large margin of discretion left to Member States, a systematic approach to care for the elderly is still lacking, not to mention its effective implementation. Finally, by exploring the experiences from the past and reflecting on the current EU policy advancements, the goal of this paper is to facilitate a vital shift from the paradigm of the old people as a burden of passive service recipients towards active participants in society.
The paper deals with the sale on approval of horses and mules shown in D.19,5,20 pr.- 1 (Ulpianus libro 32 ad edictum) and the existing theories on the legal position of the parties in the source. The first part of the paper sets out principium of D.19,5,20, where Ulpian quotes Labeo, and his description of the sale on approval of horses, concluded between the seller and the acrobatic rider – desultor, with a detailed analysis of the interpretations of relevant romanists. The principium is analyzed with the reference to dominant theories: theses on the suspensive and/or resolutive condition pactum displicentiae, on the innominate contract, and on pre-contractual acts. This is followed by an analysis of Ulpian’s sequel in the first paragraph of D.19,5,20 with a quotation of Mela, where he describes the sale on approval of mules, which are stolen during the test period, with Ulpian’s quote of Mela’s dilemma and of comparison with his own. Next part of the paper contains theories and interpretations of the legal nature of the relationship between the parties and the stage of contract. In conclusion, author presents his own position on the both presented situations, the legal nature of the relationship between the parties, and finally on the legal problem raised by Ulpian in the cited sources.
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