Immunotherapy with grass allergen pep des provides long-las ng clinical benefit for up to 2 years a er treatment 25 days 14-week treatment period Follow-up assessments 42% symptom improvement P = .0346 Change in rhinoconjunc vi s symptoms over placebo were assessed in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU) over 4 rye grass pollen challenges 4 Post-treatment EEU challenges One 6 nmol pep de injec on every 2 weeks One 12 nmol pep de injec on every 4 weeks 24% symptom improvement P = .2597

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| 389 perhaps indicating that these cells reside in the mucosal tissue rather than the nasal lumen. These findings do not directly challenge previous studies performed in-season. Rather, they underscore the importance of considering ongoing chronic allergen exposure as an additional factor when assessing the role of immune cells in AR pathophysiology. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Matthew Gordon of Queen's University Biomedical ImagingCentre for his technical assistance with flow cytometry experiments. CONFLI CTS OF INTERES TS