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O n the flat plains of Kansas, a stack of gleaming steel towers and pipes stretches 16 storeys into the sky. More than 1,000 construction workers toiled to complete the ethanol plant near the town of Hugoton, and its owners expect it to join a fermented-fuel revolution. But unlike most ethanol factories, in which yeast feeds on sugars in foodstuffs such as maize (corn) kernels, the Hugoton facility will make use of what has been, until now, agricultural waste: cellulose. Thousands of tonnes of corn stover-the leaves, stalks and husks left over after the maize harvest-are already waiting, stacked in square bales, at the 1.6-square-kilometre site. By June, the plant will begin processing the stover into ethanol, which will be blended with petrol and end up in vehicle fuel tanks. The plant, which is owned by multi national company Abengoa of Seville, Spain, is one of three US facilities that should start commercial production of cellulosic ethanol in the next few months (the others are both in Iowa, one run by POET-DSM Advanced Biofuels and the other

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Part research project, part commercial stimulus, this enormous sequencing programme could usher genomic medicine into mainstream use, Mark Peplow reports

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Sprawled across a vast site on the river Rhine in Germany is a small city built from glittering steel: the headquarters of chemical giant BASF. Boasting a daytime population of about 50,000 people, it is criss-crossed by a grid of streets bearing names that commemorate the company's stock in trade: Methanolstrasse, Ammoniakstrasse, Gasstrasse.Over the past two years, a small fleet of delivery vans and cars has clocked up thousands of kilometres on these streets while carrying a big secret: fuel tanks packed with an unusual crystalline material that is riddled with pores roughly a nanometre wide. Inside these pores sit methane molecules arrayed in neat stacks, ready to fuel the vans' combustion engines.The crystals are metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), molecular scaffolds made up of metal-containing nodes linked by carbon-based struts THE HOLE STORY Swiss-cheese-like materials called metal-organic frameworks have long promised to improve gas storage, separation and catalysis. Now they are coming of age.

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