OBJECTIVE: To determine if the source from which food is obtained has contributed to the increased obesity of the US population, while controlling for demographic, lifestyle and regional factors. METHODS: Multiple regression was used to estimate the effect of food source on body mass index (BMI) while accounting for other factors which have been shown to affect obesity in a nationally representative sample of the US population. SAMPLE: This study used secondary data from the 1994 ± 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). The CSFII is a nationally representative sample of 16,103 individuals, obtaining for each respondent 24 h recalls of all food intake on two nonconsecutive days as well as demographics and information on lifestyle choices. RESULTS: For a large number of demographic and lifestyle factors, our results support those which have previously been found to contribute to increased overweight. Our contribution is to examine whether the source from which food is obtained also contributes to increased overweight. Our evidence suggests that this is the case. The average height for males in our sample was 1.77 m. For two such males, one who ate food away from home (FAFH) during the previous 24 h period and the other who did not, results suggest that the ®rst will be about 1 kg heavier, all other factors being equal. For two females of average height (1.63 m) the same is true for those who ate fast food, but not at restaurants. In all cases, except females who ate at restaurants, the effects are signi®cant in the regression (P`0.05). CONCLUSION: The trends in both increased US obesity and in increased consumption of FAFH are unlikely to be coincidental. FAFH, and particularly fast food consumption, are likely to be contributing factors to increased obesity.
Using a survey of over 320 consumers from across the state of Indiana, we estimate an ordered probit model to determine the demographic and attitudinal factors which are most important in predicting the likelihood of consumers to purchase products that are produced within the state. Our results indicate that the willingness to purchase locally produced agricultural products increases with time of residency in the state, and we find a greater tendency for female consumers to purchase such products. We also find that quality perceptions play a critical role in these food purchase decisions. We underscore the importance of maintaining minimum quality standards to maximize the effectiveness of state level agricultural promotion programs.
Growth in the number of food products and brands carried by grocery stores implies a preference for diversity. We examine the factors that affect the variety of food purchases across U.S. markets. Three measures of variety, based on market-level sales of both grocery categories and RTE cereal brands, are regressed on various population and market characteristics. We find that markets with a high proportion of low-income individuals exhibit less variety both in terms of grocery categories and breakfast cereal brands. We also find that racial diversity and average store size are important factors in explaining diversity of grocery purchases across markets, but are less important in explaining the variety of cereal brand purchases. [EconLit citations: D120, L660.]
The purpose of this study is to examine orange juice demand, focusing on the main forms: frozen and chilled, and considering the role of brands, private label, and product variety. We have data for 54 regions in the U.S. for 1989 and 1990. This is advantageous. A December 1989 freeze resulted in major increases in prices of all forms of orange juice in 1990. Results suggest that the three national brands were using some pricing strategies, but we find no indication that it has been to the detriment of smaller competitors. Indeed, private label and regional brands improved their market positions during the period. [Econlit Classifications: D130, D400].
The purpose of this study is to examine orange juice demand, focusing on the main forms: frozen and chilled, and considering the role of brands, private label, and product variety. We have data for 54 regions in the U.S. for 1989 and 1990. This is advantageous. A December 1989 freeze resulted in major increases in prices of all forms of orange juice in 1990. Results suggest that the three national brands were using some pricing strategies, but we find no indication that it has been to the detriment of smaller competitors. Indeed, private label and regional brands improved their market positions during the period. [Econlit Classifications: D130, D400].
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