Background: Over recent decades, with the increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, the prevalence of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD and its predisposing factors in overweight and obese children of Urmia, Northwest of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 843 children aged 2 to 19 years were recruited out of 10800 children referred to the Digestive Disease Clinic of Shahid Motahari Hospital during 2016-2017. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements and abdominal ultrasound were performed for the children. Demographic data and their medical history were collected by a questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was used to predict the predisposing factors of NAFLD. Results: Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound in 9.5% of overweight and 21.4% of obese children. The prevalence of NAFLD in obese children was 9.26% for the 2-5.9-year age group, 22.3% for the 6-11.9-year age group and 35.5% for the 12-19-year age group. Compared to the normal liver group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for predictive factors of NAFLD were as follows: ALT
Background: COVID-19 is a serious pandemic. However, no studies worldwide have assessed the knowledge of any healthcare workers, including dentists, towards COVID-19. Objectives: Given the importance of Iran as an epicenter of this disease, this preliminary study assessed the knowledge of dentists, dental students, and dental specialists towards COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with 23 questions (three regarding sources of information and 20 regarding knowledge) was developed through a pilot study. It was distributed electronically to dental professions/students, 778 of whom completed it. Factors associated with knowledge were assessed using the chi-square test in SPSS (α = 0.05). Results: Above 70% of the responders answered correctly to all questions, except for six more technical questions, including handwashing-related questions. Age, specialization, and attendance at lectures and meetings did not play a role in grasping accurate information (all P values > 0.1). Men had poorer information (P = 0.014), and the sources of information were mostly official websites and social networks (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Knowledge of dentists, dental students, and specialists towards SARS-CoV-2 is generally good, except in the case of more technical questions that need more education (especially regarding handwashing).
and Surgery at the main children's hospitals. Results Fifteen cases of gonadoblastoma were identified, all except one phenotypically female. Fourteen patients had prophylactic gonadectomy and one presented with an ovarian mass and raised tumour markers. Eight had TMSY (age at gonadectomy 2 weeks -14 years). Seven were phenotypically female and one was male. Seven cases of 46 XY GD (all female phenotype) were diagnosed with gonadoblastoma with an age range of 4 months -15 years at time of surgery. Four of these were unilateral. In the remaining three cases, one patient had bilateral gonadoblastoma, one had unilateral dysgerminoma and contralateral gonadoblastoma and the third had bilateral dysgerminoma with features of gonadoblastoma.Conclusions This is the first reported population incidence rate of GB in children with a 20 year incidence of gonadoblastoma in the Republic of Ireland of 1/100,000 live births. The data supports the recommendation for elective gonadectomy in high risk conditions. Due to the wide age range in presentations, however, the timing of gonadectomy should be individualised, based on underlying diagnosis and following multidisciplinary team discussion. The true rate of malignant transformation in early onset GB remains to be studied.
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